Traveler's Diarrhea and Food Safety
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Traveler's Diarrhea and Food Safety

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Questions and Answers

What is the traditional definition of Travelers Diarrhea?

  • 3 or more formed stools in a 24 hour period
  • 3 or more unformed stools in a 24 hour period with one or more additional symptoms (correct)
  • 5 or more unformed stools in a 24 hour period with no additional symptoms
  • 2 or more unformed stools in a 24 hour period with one or more additional symptoms

    • Which bacterial agent accounts for approximately 80-90% of Travelers' Diarrhea cases?

  • Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (correct)
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Campylobacter

    • What was the standard prophylaxis for Traveler's Diarrhea in the 1970s to 1985?

  • No prophylaxis routinely
  • Quinolones
  • Macrolides and rifamycins
  • Bactrim and doxycycline (correct)

    • What percentage of Travelers' Diarrhea cases are caused by viral agents?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite accounts for approximately 10% of Travelers' Diarrhea cases?

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'new' approach for treating Travelers' Diarrhea in 2018 based on?

    <p>Published guidelines in 2017</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the severity scale of 'Mild' according to the new definitions of Travelers Diarrhea Severity Scale?

    <p>Diarrhea that is tolerable, is not distressing, and does not interfere with planned activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Travelers' Diarrhea cases are caused by bacterial agents?

    <p>90-95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'COOK IT, PEEL IT, BOIL IT, OR FORGET IT' refers to:

    <p>Preventive measures to avoid Travelers' Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Golden Age' of TD self-treatment occurred during which time period?

    <p>'Golden Age' of TD self-treatment from 1990-2000s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of cholera to reduce fluid requirements and duration of illness?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of cholera?

    <p>Vibrio cholerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine provides protective efficacy of 65-67% for 2-5 years against cholera?

    <p>Shanchol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period of cholera?

    <p>2-5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease presents with symptoms like bacterial meningitis, including headache, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting?

    <p>Rat lungworm disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used to reduce fluid requirements and duration of illness in cholera treatment?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Water or food contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is NOT recommended for the treatment of cholera?

    <p>Ampicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used to reduce fluid requirements and duration of illness in cholera treatment?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms associated with cholera?

    <p>Acute watery diarrhea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line antibiotic of choice for severe travelers' diarrhea?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for mild travelers' diarrhea?

    <p>Sacharomyces boulardii CNCM 1-745</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of foul-smelling, greasy stools, and gradual onset diarrhea after a 2-week surfing trip in Indonesia?

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diarrhea often has a sudden onset of relatively uncomfortable symptoms?

    <p>Bacterial diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen can be detected using nucleic acid testing and is transmitted fecal-orally?

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria can cause bullous cellulitis after saltwater exposure?

    <p>Vibrio vulnificus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for Leptospirosis after exposure to infected animals or contaminated water?

    <p>~10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region has the highest morbidity of Leptospirosis?

    <p>Oceania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is the preferred treatment for Leptospirosis?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided as a food and water precaution to prevent travelers' diarrhea?

    <p>Peeled fruit (banana, oranges)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Travelers' Diarrhea

    • Traditional definition: diarrhea that occurs during or shortly after travel, typically in the first week
    • Accounts for 80-90% of Travelers' Diarrhea cases: Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

    Prophylaxis and Treatment

    • Standard prophylaxis for Traveler's Diarrhea in the 1970s to 1985: prophylactic antibiotics
    • New approach for treating Travelers' Diarrhea in 2018: based on risk assessment, symptom management, and antimicrobial therapy
    • First-line antibiotic of choice for severe travelers' diarrhea: fluoroquinolones
    • Recommended treatment for mild travelers' diarrhea: fluid replacement, rest, and bismuth subsalicylate

    Etiology and Pathogenesis

    • Causes of Travelers' Diarrhea: bacterial agents (80-90%), viral agents (10-20%), and parasites (10%)
    • Parasite that accounts for approximately 10% of Travelers' Diarrhea cases: Giardia
    • Causative agent of cholera: Vibrio cholerae

    Cholera

    • Incubation period of cholera: 1-5 days
    • Symptoms of cholera: diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration
    • Recommended antibiotic for the treatment of cholera: doxycycline
    • Vaccine that provides protective efficacy of 65-67% for 2-5 years against cholera: oral cholera vaccine

    Other Diseases

    • Disease that presents with symptoms like bacterial meningitis, including headache, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting: leptospirosis
    • Symptoms of leptospirosis: headache, muscle aches, and fever
    • Preferred treatment for Leptospirosis: doxycycline
    • Region with the highest morbidity of Leptospirosis: Southeast Asia
    • Incubation period for Leptospirosis: 2-26 days
    • Pathogen that can be detected using nucleic acid testing and is transmitted fecal-orally: Norovirus

    Prevention

    • 'COOK IT, PEEL IT, BOIL IT, OR FORGET IT' refers to: food and water precautions to prevent travelers' diarrhea
    • Food and water precaution to prevent travelers' diarrhea: avoid undercooked meat, unpeeled fruits, and untreated water

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    Related Documents

    Traveler's Diarrhea PDF

    Description

    Learn about the causes and prevention of traveler's diarrhea, as well as food safety tips for travelers. This quiz covers bacterial and viral agents, as well as practical advice for avoiding food and water-borne illnesses while traveling.

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