Travel Through the Ages

Travel in the Middle Ages

• Travel was dangerous and difficult during this period due to changes in leadership, political boundaries, and civil wars
• The luxury of vacation travel disappeared during this time
• Main travel activities involved pilgrimages and crusades

The Grand Tour

• Marked the beginning of modern tourism
• Encouraged development of hotels, service personnel, and better transportation
• Motivations for travel included education, career development, culture, curiosity, and science

19th Century Travel

• Motivating factors for travel included leisure time, money, and work hours
• Travel and transport were interdependent
• Accommodations were limited but grew during the 19th century
• Travelers risked disease, exchange facilities were unreliable, and travel documents were hard to obtain

Highlights of Travel in the 19th Century

• The advent of the railway catalyzed business travel and later leisure travel
• Thomas Cook organized package tours
• European countries engaged in business travel to their colonies
• The invention of photography promoted overseas travel
• First hotel chains were pioneered by railway companies
• Seaside resorts developed different images for different demographics
• Steamships promoted travel between North America and Europe
• The Suez Canal opened direct sea routes to India and the Far East

Tourism in the 20th Century

• World War I sparked an interest in international travel
• The growth of private airlines and the surplus of aircraft aided the expansion of air travel
• The introduction of the Boeing 707 jet in 1958 marked the beginning of air travel for the masses
• The Boeing 747 brought down the cost of travel
• Mass tourism was centered around seaside resorts in the Mediterranean, North Africa, and the Caribbean
• The rise of the hotel industry led to the establishment of worldwide chains
• Alternative destinations were popularized in the 70s
• Individual travel became more prominent in the 80s
• Air travel led to continuous growth in business travel

Air Travel

• Air traffic is expected to increase significantly in Asia, especially in China
• The new middle class in these regions will gain mobility through affluence
• Air Pacific air traffic increases at a rate of 1.5 times the rate of GDP growth

Introduction and History of Transportation Technology

• Transportation technology has evolved through four key phases: transition from horse and wind power, the introduction of the steam engine, the development of the combustion engine, and the use of the jet engine

Modes of Transportation

• Modes of transportation fall into three basic types: land, water, and air

Determinants of Transportation

• Determinants of the mode of transportation used by tourists include competitors, cost, feasibility, safety, efficiency, and comfort

Ground Transportation

• Refers to the public and private movement of people via land vehicles in association with airports
• Includes vehicles and infrastructure, such as roads and railways

Generating Markets

• The US is a major generating market, with 41 million Americans departing annually
• Canada, Mexico, Europe, and the Caribbean are popular destinations for Americans
• The removal of travel bans has increased demand for travel
• Travel increases with occupation and income level, but decreases with age

World's Most Visited Countries

• France, Spain, the United States, China, and Italy are the top 5 most visited countries globally

World's Top 10 Tourism Earners

• The United States, Spain, France, Thailand, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Australia, Germany, and China are the top 10 tourism earners globally

Importance of Transportation to Tourism

• Tourism relies on efficient, reliable, and cost-effective transport infrastructure and services

Explore the evolution of travel from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. This quiz covers the challenges of medieval travel, the emergence of the Grand Tour, and the impacts of the railway on travel trends. Test your knowledge on how motivations and accommodations changed over the centuries.