Trauma Intervention and Treatment Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus during the teaching phase of trauma intervention?

Developing a detailed plan of action

Providing medication for immediate relief

Educating the victim about traumas and typical reactions (correct)

Implementing experimental psychedelic therapies

What is a common use for antidepressants in the context of ASD and PTSD treatment?

To manage psychotic dissociative phenomena

To improve sleep quality in patients

To alleviate chronic depression, anxiety, and irritability (correct)

To reduce anxiety spikes and flashbacks

Which medication is noted for its use in addressing anxiety spikes and nightmares, particularly for those who are hypertensive?

Propranolol

Abilify

Ambien

Prazosin (correct)

What is a significant limitation of using post-stressor treatments like propranolol?

They are unproven in long-term clinical studies Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can mental health information be disclosed without patient consent?

When there is a serious threat of violence communicated Signup and view all the answers

What symptom did the 10-year-old girl exhibit that is NOT typically associated with Acute Stress Disorder?

Severe memory loss Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom distinguished the diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Victor's case?

Nightmares Signup and view all the answers

How did the acute stress experienced by the young girl affect her daily functioning?

Decreased interactions with peers Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible contributing factor to Victor's PTSD symptoms?

Traumatic experiences in Iraq Signup and view all the answers

What emotional state was prevalent in the 10-year-old girl before the earthquake?

Euthymic Signup and view all the answers

What behavior did the 10-year-old girl exhibit in relation to her traumatic event?

Avoided discussing the event Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT comprise a way of experiencing trauma related to Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders?

Hearing about traumatic events through social media Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the symptoms that suggested hyperarousal in the young girl after the trauma?

Sleep disturbances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a necessary condition for traumatic exposure to elicit post-traumatic stress?

The event must involve actual or threatened death. Signup and view all the answers

What was one major emotional issue Victor faced post-trauma?

Irritability and avoidance of others Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of quality of life was primarily affected in both cases presented?

Interpersonal relationships Signup and view all the answers

What type of exposure may qualify as traumatic if it involves a close friend or family member?

Learning of violent or accidental death Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies 'repeated or extreme exposure' to trauma as defined for Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders?

A police officer attending a series of crime scene investigations Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic must a traumatic event possess if it is related to learning that a family member has died?

The death must be violent or accidental. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience acute stress due to repeated trauma exposure?

A first responder to multiple catastrophic events Signup and view all the answers

Which of these experiences can lead to traumatic stress irrespective of physical violence?

Having an inappropriate sexual experience without injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate lifetime prevalence of PTSD in the general U.S. population?

7% Signup and view all the answers

In terms of prevalence, how do males and females compare in the context of PTSD?

Females have a higher prevalence than males. Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is identified as having the highest risk for sexual violence?

Females aged 16-19 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of those who experience Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) go on to develop PTSD?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is noted as a contributor to the difficulty in PTSD recovery?

Avoidant lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral pattern is more commonly associated with females suffering from PTSD?

Numbing and anxious avoidance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the symptom patterns of PTSD in males compared to females?

Males are more likely to experience irritability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common effect of trauma on children?

Enhanced learning abilities Signup and view all the answers

In non-Western cultures, which symptom predominates among those with PTSD?

Somatic symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What risk factor significantly increases the likelihood of sexual violence among college females?

Being a college female aged 18-24 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary issues described by the security guard related to his job?

He finds it unchallenging and boring. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom does the security guard frequently experience related to his past traumas?

Intrusive memories of his experiences. Signup and view all the answers

How does the flight attendant, Doreen Welsh, describe her emotional state after the incident?

She had nightmares about drowning. Signup and view all the answers

What physical response did Doreen Welsh indicate she experienced during the flight?

A heightened adrenaline rush. Signup and view all the answers

What behavior does the security guard exhibit in relation to his friends from the Reserve unit?

He avoids seeing them due to negative memories. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant event related to U.S. Airways Flight 1549?

The plane had to make an emergency water landing. Signup and view all the answers

What psychological condition is indicated by the security guard's excessive threat searching?

Post-traumatic stress disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What overall emotion does Doreen Welsh convey about her experience after the flight?

Fear and anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reaction mentioned by both the security guard and flight attendant after experiencing traumatic events?

Heightened alertness and startle response. Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'each flight is getting more stressful' suggest about Doreen Welsh's state of mind?

Her anxiety is escalating over time. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Psychopathology

Copyright 2014, 2020, 2023, by Alan J. Fridlund, Ph.D.
All rights reserved.
Download for private use only by currently registered UCSB Psych 183 students.
For-profit reproduction prohibited.
Violation of U.C. Regulations and DMCA.

Notice

All course materials (lectures, discussions, handouts, exams, web materials) are protected by US Federal Copyright Law and California Civil Code.
Recording lectures or distributing course materials without permission is prohibited.
Students permitted to make notes for private educational use only.
Exceptions may be granted for students with disabilities.
Completing and selling study guides is forbidden.

Kinds of Stress or Trauma Exposure

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, including inappropriate sexual experiences.
Direct experience of the traumatic event(s).
Witnessing the event(s) as it occurred to others.
Learning that the event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend.
Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details, such as first responders collecting human remains or police officers repeatedly exposed to child abuse. This does not apply to exposure through electronic media unless work-related.

Reactions to Extreme Trauma

Intrusive recollections (daytime flashbacks, nightmares, illusions) and acute distress.
Dissociative symptoms ("psychic numbing").
Emotional detachment.
Being in a "daze."
Avoidance of trauma-related topics.
Forgetfulness.
Time distortion.
Feeling detached from one's body or surroundings.
Chronic hyperarousal (e.g., exaggerated startle, insomnia, hypervigilance, motor restlessness).
Irritability, angry outbursts, and aggressiveness.
Survival guilt/shame.
Reckless, impulsive behaviors.

Acute stress disorder: Disability greater than 2 days and less than 1 month. Occurs in 20% of cases without interpersonal assault and 20-50% of cases following interpersonal assault. Involves extreme anxiety interfering with sleep, energy, concentration, causing withdrawal and absenteeism.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Disability greater than or equal to 1 month. From a traumatic episode or series of episodes. Prevalence depends on both trauma and pre-existing risk factors.
Complex PTSD (CPTSD): From prolonged trauma. Approximately 10% of people with PTSD show Delayed Expression (insignificant acute symptoms which increase over succeeding months).

Case Studies

Acute Stress Disorder: A 10-year-old girl studying in India.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A 27-year-old infantryman returning from Iraq.
Case studies discuss specific symptoms and challenges related to acute and PTSD diagnoses based on real life experiences.

Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders: U.S. Airways Flight 1549

Captain "Sully" Sullenberger's successful water landing following a plane failure over the Hudson River.
Demonstrates the impact of traumatic events on individuals and populations.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: U.S. Airways Flight 1549

Passenger accounts emphasize the initial and ongoing distress experienced after the near catastrophe.
Passengers report the psychological and emotional strain of trauma experience.

9/11/2001

Focuses on the significant event of the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Prevalence

Lifetime prevalence of ~7% and ~4% worldwide.
Females more susceptible.
High prevalence among adolescents, 5-8%.
~90% of ASD sufferers develop PTSD.
10% of PTSD sufferers experience delayed expression of symptoms.
Males more likely to show irritability and alcohol or substance abuse.

Sexual violence: More than 300,000 completed rapes or attempted rapes annually in the U.S., with notable differences in prevalence among female groups (college vs. non-college).
Military combat: 18% of combat veterans and 70% of POWs are impacted by PTSD.
Physical/emotional abuse: Includes childhood sexual or physical abuse, domestic violence or workplace abuse.
Human calamities: Deliberate violence (bombings, torture etc), Accidents (motor vehicle accidents etc), Physical trauma including illness), Climatic events (floods, earthquakes, etc).

Severity and chronicity of trauma.
Family history and/or current mental health disorders (depression, anxiety, or PTSD).
Racial or ethnic minority status, past adversity, lack of social support.
Poor coping mechanisms (smoking, drinking, drugs).
Intergenerational trauma.
Poor social support.

Complex PTSD (CPTSD)

Chronic and repetitive trauma over months or years.
Symptoms more extreme.
Examples of CPTSD trauma include victim of neglect, emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; growing up with domestic violence; being a POW or a war zone resident, being a victim of human trafficking, or enduring multiple illnesses or medical procedures or surgeries).
Associated symptoms include changes in worldview, religion, philosophy, basic trust, and relationships and also preoccupation with past traumas and revenge fantasies.
Debates exist on whether CPTSD is simply a severe form of PTSD.

Psychotherapy for PTSD

1st-line: Exposure therapy combined with relaxation techniques to neutralize fear responses.
Cognitive techniques: Developing new ways of interpreting trauma and living with its effects.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): A controversial, dubious neurological model, associated with generalized support treatment.
Polyvagal therapy: Similar questionable neurological model, emphasizing bodily awareness and reducing anxiety.
Group therapy/self-help: Facilitating catharsis and support for those with PTSD.
Stress management training: Planning, prioritization, and structuring to manage stress after traumatic events.

Group Management for Acute Stress: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Description of the steps for this process.

Medication Treatment of ASD and PTSD

Symptomatic care: Anxiolytics for anxiety, panic attacks, antidepressants (SSRIs) for depression, chronic anxiety, and irritability; antipsychotics (e.g., Abilify, Risperdal), and sleep medications as needed.
Cannabinoids: Can be used as needed, but can make PTSD worse.
Antihypertensives: Potentially beneficial for people already experiencing hypertension, especially during flashbacks, and nightmares.
Experimental medications: Possible use of post-stressor propanolol; cautionary notes.

Mental Health Law and Regulations

California Mental Health Laws (2019).
Information on where to acces laws.
Confidentiality - Mental health information cannot be released without patient consent.
Exeptions to confidentiality rules.
Duty to report.
Involuntary commitment - "5150" and "5250" hold procedures.

Involuntary Commitment i.e. "5150"

Specific procedures within the California Lanterman-Petris-Short (LPS) Act in cases of involuntary hospitalization.

Two Types of Involuntary Commitment

5150 Hold: 72-hour treatment and evaluation by specialized personnel (police, nurses, etc) who deem a person poses an imminent danger to the self or others. Discharge occurs if no grounds for continued detention exist.
5250 Hold: 14-day hold, added to 5150 holds, for intensive treatment. May be applied to individuals who are a danger to themselves or others who are gravely disabled and for whom additional intervention is needed. Further judicial review is required.

A Crisis of Placement

Reports on the high numbers of people with mental health issues placed in jail in the US, and lack of treatment provided in these cases.
Discussion of those with mental health issues ending up in the criminal justice system.
Implications for mental health care.

Involuntary Long-Term Custodial Care ("Conservatorship")

Description of involuntary long-term care or conservatorship for gravely disabled individuals with chronic alcoholism.
Conservators must provide a comprehensive living and treatment plan for the patient based on court order.
Overview of specific conservatorship cases, such as the conservatorship of Britney Spears.

Assisted Outpatient Treatment (AOT)

Description of court-ordered outpatient treatment programs (“Laura's Law”) that support people experiencing mental health conditions, including severe chronic conditions.
Examples of criteria for AOT assignment, including public defenders, and evaluations.
Benefits discussed regarding reduction in incarceration and victimization.

Mental Health Law Touches UCSB

Overview of the report by the Sheriff's office regarding the 2014 murderous rampage Elliot Rodger committed.

CA Law AB 1014 – Temporary Gun Seizure

Overview of a law that allows a court to temporarily remove guns from people considered a danger to themselves or others.
Details regarding procedures relevant to the law, like no prior notice to the person.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your understanding of trauma interventions, including the use of medications like antidepressants and propranolol. This quiz covers symptoms associated with Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as well as ethical considerations in mental health care. Explore the intricacies of how trauma affects individuals and their daily lives.