Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

A philosophical approach valuing awareness of trauma in assessing, planning, and implementing care. It prioritizes strength, safety, and empowerment for survivors.

May include dysregulation of opioid, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and neuroendocrine pathways.

A reaction to extreme trauma causing pervasive distress. It is triggered by events like disasters, combat, or violent crimes.

Childhood disorders, like reactive attachment/disinhibited social engagement, arising from inadequate childhood care

Realization of trauma's impact, recognition of symptoms in all involved, response through integrated practices, and resistance to retraumatization.

Difference is timing; acute stress disorder is short-term, while PTSD is chronic.

A common reaction to stressful life events (like childbirth, harassment or incarceration).

Include PTSD, acute stress, adjustment, and unspecified/other specified trauma disorders.

A maladaptive reaction with conduct violating the rights of others or societal norms.

Truancy, vandalism, reckless driving, fighting, neglecting responsibilities.

Emotional and conduct disturbances, often involving rule-breaking and violating others' rights.

Maladaptive reaction not fitting other categories; could involve physical complaints or impaired performance.

Distinguishing between similar conditions (e.g., conduct disorder, antisocial personality) when assessing a patient.

Factors that increase a person's vulnerability to experiencing stress in a maladaptive way. These can include genetics, chronic disorders, and psychosocial factors.

A model that highlights the interaction between individual characteristics and the environment in response to stress.

A nursing diagnosis for a person whose health status change requires lifestyle modification.

A nursing diagnosis where a person experiences excessive anxiety related to situational or maturational crisis.

A nursing diagnosis for individuals who have experienced a distressing event beyond typical human experience.

A nursing diagnosis related to loss of self or other significant losses due to trauma.

Goals for patients to initiate healthy grief resolution and psychological healing in a time frame specific to the individual.

A complex response to a traumatic event where an individual struggles to process and cope with the event, often exhibiting prolonged grief, self-blame, and difficulty adapting to life after the trauma.

A model that describes the emotional and behavioral responses to loss, including denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. These stages are not linear and may be experienced in a different order or revisited.

Healthy and constructive behaviors that help individuals manage stress, regulate emotions, and cope with difficult situations in a positive and productive manner.

Local organizations and services available to support individuals with trauma-related disorders, such as therapy, support groups, hotlines, and social services.

The lasting effects of a traumatic event on an individual's physical, emotional, cognitive, and social well-being, which can include flashbacks, nightmares, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties with relationships.

The feeling of responsibility or self-blame for a traumatic event, even when the individual was not directly responsible or had no control over the situation.

Objectives and aspirations that are achievable and aligned with the individual's current capabilities, resources, and support system.

A core nursing principle that involves understanding and validating the patient's feelings and experiences, regardless of their behavior or circumstances, creating a safe and trusting environment.

A therapy for PTSD and other trauma-related disorders that uses rapid eye movements to process traumatic memories.

The effectiveness of EMDR is not fully understood, but studies suggest it can reduce the vividness and distress of traumatic memories, making access to them easier.

EMDR is not recommended for those with seizure disorders, severe dissociative disorders, or unstable substance abuse or psychosis.

First-line treatment often includes SSRIs (paroxetine, sertraline), SNRIs (fluoxetine, venlafaxine), and TCAs, while other options include MAOIs, anxiolytics, and ketamine.

Other drugs include trazodone (SARI), benzodiazepines (alprazolam), buspirone, beta-blockers (propranolol), alpha 2 agonists (clonidine), and alpha 1 antagonists (prazosin).

Success in PTSD treatment is measured by behaviors like accepting grief, reinvesting in life, independent functioning, accepting health changes, and achieving realistic future goals.

Nurses help clients progress through the grief process, accept health status changes, and develop coping skills to manage new challenges.

Nurses help clients acknowledge and express emotions, work through their feelings, and develop coping mechanisms to navigate the grieving process.

A mental health condition characterized by emotional and behavioral difficulties in response to stressful events, such as a new job, divorce, or the death of a loved one.

Treatment aims to help the individual understand and cope with the stressful event, manage their emotional responses, and develop healthier coping mechanisms.

Therapy options include individual psychotherapy, family therapy, behavior therapy, self-help groups, crisis intervention, and sometimes medication.