Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes Adjustment Disorder with Disturbance of Conduct?

Violation of the rights of others and societal norms (correct)

Lack of significant emotional reactions

Purely academic performance issues

Emotional disturbances without conduct issues

Which of the following is an example of Adjustment Disorder with Disturbance of Conduct?

Anxiety disorders requiring no behavioral intervention

Vandalism and truancy (correct)

High academic performance but social withdrawal

Persistent sadness without action

What distinguishes Adjustment Disorder with Mixed Disturbance of Emotions and Conduct from other types?

It solely features conduct violations

It involves significant academic difficulties only

It is marked by chronic anxiety without behavioral issues

It presents emotional disturbances alongside conduct issues (correct)

What indicates a diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder Unspecified?

Physical complaints and relational withdrawal without defined issues Signup and view all the answers

Which condition must be differentiated from Adjustment Disorder with Disturbance of Conduct?

Conduct disorder Signup and view all the answers

What biological factor can increase the risk for maladaptive stress responses?

Genetics factors Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial factor is related to adjustment disorders?

Childhood trauma Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the transactional model of stress/adaptation consider in stress responses?

Interaction between individual and environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing diagnosis for trauma-related disorders?

Risk-prone health behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a short-term goal for patients diagnosed with post-trauma syndrome?

Begin healthy grief resolution Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stressor does the transactional model differentiate?

Sudden shock vs. continuous stress Signup and view all the answers

What emotional state is associated with a situational crisis in trauma-related disorders?

Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What can complicate grieving after a trauma?

Loss of self due to the trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of trauma-informed care?

Values awareness and understanding of trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of trauma-informed care emphasizes actively resisting retraumatization?

Resists Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic technique is particularly effective for clients with PTSD?

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes PTSD from acute stress disorder?

The duration between the traumatic event and the onset of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of trauma-informed care?

High levels of emotional detachment from clients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is not a contraindication for EMDR therapy?

Stable substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line medication class used for treating PTSD?

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about PTSD is correct?

It can result from both natural and man-made disasters Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic approach focuses on adaptive progression through the grief process?

Nursing intervention for adjustment disorders Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle 'realizes' in trauma-informed care refer to?

Recognizing the widespread impact of trauma on society Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized as a reaction to an extreme trauma?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes complicated grieving?

Distress that deviates from normative expectations after the death of a significant other Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect demonstrated by EMDR during the processing of painful emotions?

Decreased imagery vividness Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary evaluation goal in addressing adjustment disorders related to grief?

Understanding the client’s perspective on the grief process Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class includes paroxetine and sertraline?

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common situation that may lead to an adjustment disorder?

Giving birth to a stillborn child Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment modality is NOT typically used for adjustment disorders?

Long-term hospitalization Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome criterion reflects a client's ability to cope effectively with change in lifestyle?

Demonstrates acceptable grieving behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is assessed to evaluate a client's progress in managing grief?

Their ability to perform daily activities independently Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition treated with psychopharmacology beyond PTSD?

Adjustment disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes risk-prone health behavior?

Inability to adopt health-improving behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary long-term goal for patients dealing with trauma?

To integrate the traumatic experience into their persona Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome criteria indicates a patient is making progress in their grieving process?

Expressing a sense of optimism and hope for the future Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a short-term nursing intervention for patients experiencing complicated grieving?

Assess stages of grief and discuss normalcy Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the long-term planning when caring for a patient with a trauma-related disorder?

Assessing impact of trauma on activities of daily living Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptive coping strategy is recommended for patients dealing with trauma?

Engagement in relaxation techniques and art Signup and view all the answers

What assessment should be conducted to help a patient actualize their loss?

Inquiring about the timeline and events of the trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would indicate a need for further evaluation of the patient's grief process?

Exhibiting self-destructive thoughts or behaviors Signup and view all the answers

To ensure safety, which step is essential in the nursing care of a client with a trauma-related disorder?

Provide reassurance of safety Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

More than 50% of women and 60% of men experience a traumatic event in their lifetime.
Less than 10% of those who experience a traumatic event will develop PTSD.
Traumatic events are outside the range of usual human experience.
PTSD is more common in women, with sexual assault and childhood sexual abuse being major contributors. Men are more likely to experience PTSD from accidents, physical assaults, combat, or witnessing death.
Adjustment disorders involve difficulties with stress reactions to normal events and can affect people of any age.
Up to 50% of people with medical problems or stressors have adjustment disorders. This is more common in women, unmarried people, and younger people.

Theories of Predisposing Factors

Psychosocial theory: This explores why some people develop PTSD and others don't. Factors include the traumatic experience itself, the recovery environment, and individual psychological traits.
Learning theory: Negative reinforcement, avoiding aversive experiences, leads to repetitive behaviors.
Cognitive theory: A person's appraisal of an event, their assumptions about the world, and pervasive feelings of helplessness and hopelessness impact vulnerability to PTSD. Fundamental beliefs are paramount in this situation.

Biological Aspects

Opioids peptide response: Increased production during arousal contributes to comfort and control sensations but termination results in withdrawal.

Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)

A philosophical approach focused on understanding trauma's impact when assessing, planning, and implementing care.
Emphasizes safety for providers and survivors.
Goal is to rebuild a sense of control and empowerment.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A reaction to extreme trauma.
Common causes include natural or man-made disasters, combat, serious accidents, witnessing violent deaths, being a victim of torture, terrorism, rape, or crime.
Symptoms must be present for at least one month and significantly impair social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.
- Intrusion symptoms: re-experiencing the trauma through distressing memories, dreams, or flashbacks.
- Negative mood: feelings of guilt, helplessness, fear.
- Dissociative symptoms: inability to recall specific events.
- Avoidance symptoms: avoiding thoughts, feelings, or places associated with the trauma.
- Arousal/reactivity symptoms: irritability, difficulty concentrating.

Acute Stress Disorder

Similar to PTSD, but symptoms last 3 days to 1 month after the event.
Usually triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event, such as death, serious injury, or sexual violation.

Adjustment Disorder (AD)

A maladaptive reaction to an identifiable stressor; the reaction must occur within 3 months of the stressor and last no longer than 6 months after.
It causes clinically significant emotional or behavioral symptoms
Includes: Depressed mood, Anxiety, Mixed Anxiety and Depressed Mood, Conduct Disorder
Often includes difficulty functioning socially and occupationally

Cognitive therapy: Focuses on identifying and modifying negative thoughts.
Prolonged exposure therapy: Gradual confronting trauma-related stimuli.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Uses eye movements or other bilateral stimulation while processing traumatic memories.
Group/family therapy: Can be effective, particularly for military veterans.

Nursing Interventions and Goals

Short-term goals: Address immediate needs like safety, anxiety management, and building coping skills.
Long-term goals: Promote long-term recovery, adjustment, and rebuilding.

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Description

Explore the impact of trauma on mental health through this quiz focusing on Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders. Learn about PTSD, its prevalence, and the factors that contribute to its development. Understand the differences in how trauma affects men and women, and the role of adjustment disorders in coping with stress.