Trastornos do Ánimo e Ansiedade
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Questions and Answers

Qual neurotransmissor apresenta níveis diminuídos em distúrbios de humor?

  • Glutamato
  • Dopamina
  • Noradrenalina
  • Serotonina (correct)
  • Qual é uma característica anatômica observada na esquizofrenia?

  • Aumento das conexões neurais
  • Aumento do volume do hipocampo
  • Diminução da atividade da amígdala
  • Atrofia dos ventrículos cerebrais (correct)
  • Qual é um tratamento comum para a ansiedade?

  • Inibidores de serotonina
  • Estimulantes
  • Benzodiazepínicos (correct)
  • Antidepressivos tricíclicos
  • Qual disfunção neuroquímica é associada ao Alzheimer?

    <p>Diminuição da transmissão colinérgica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual fator anatômico está relacionado à ansiedade?

    <p>Hipoatividade do córtex pré-frontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual dos seguintes neurotransmissores está hiperativo na esquizofrenia?

    <p>Dopamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual tipo de inibidor é utilizado para tratar Alzheimer?

    <p>Inibidores da acetilcolinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual das seguintes opções não é um tratamento para distúrbios de humor?

    <p>Benzodiazepínicos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mood Disorders

    • Anatomofunctional Alterations:

      • Reduced volume in the hippocampus.
      • Reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral and ventromedial areas).
      • Increased activity in the amygdala.
      • Changes in the nucleus and hypothalamus.
    • Neurochemical Alterations:

      • Reduced serotonin levels.
      • Reduced noradrenaline levels.
      • Impaired dopamine levels (both increased and decreased).
      • Increased GABA levels.
      • Increased glutamate levels.
    • Treatment:

      • Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors.
      • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
      • Tricyclic antidepressants.
      • Atypical antidepressants.

    Anxiety

    • Anatomofunctional Alterations:

      • Reduced activity in the Raphe nucleus.
      • Reduced serotonin and increased noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex.
      • Increased activity and reduced serotonin in the amygdala.
      • Impaired dopamine, GABA, and serotonin function in the hippocampus.
    • Neurophysiological Alterations:

      • Reduced activity of serotonin and GABA.
      • Increased activity of noradrenaline.
      • Impaired dopaminergic function.
    • Treatment: (No specific treatments listed)

    Schizophrenia

    • Anatomofunctional Alterations:

      • Enlarged brain ventricles.
      • Increased cortical sulci.
      • Reduced volume in frontal areas, thalamus, basal ganglia, corpus callosum, medial parietal lobes (left hemisphere).
    • Neurophysiological Alterations:

      • Increased dopamine activity (mesolimbic pathway).
      • Reduced dopamine activity (mesocortical pathway).
      • Impaired serotonin receptors (inhibiting dopamine release).
      • Impaired glutamatergic receptors (potentially impacting dopamine release).
    • Treatment:

      • Typical and atypical antipsychotics (differing targeting impacts on positive and negative symptoms).

    Alzheimer's Disease

    • Anatomophysiological Alterations:

      • Cortical atrophy (in parietal and temporal areas).
      • Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
      • Accumulation of TAU protein.
      • Disrupted neuronal fibers.
      • Loss of neuronal connections (particularly in the hippocampus).
    • Neurophysiological Alterations:

      • Reduced cholinergic transmission (in the hippocampus).
      • Increased activity of acetylcholine esterase.
      • Impaired NMDA glutamate receptors.
      • Impaired serotonin and noradrenaline neurotransmitters; potentially impacting glutamate or dopamine release (unclear).
    • Treatment:

      • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
      • NMDA receptor antagonists.
      • Antidepressants.
      • Atypical antipsychotics.
      • Phytotherapies/supplements.

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    Description

    Este cuestionario explora as alteracións anatomofuncionais e neuroquímicas asociadas aos trastornos do ánimo e da ansiedade. Tamén se abordan diversas opcións de tratamento, como os inhibidores da recaptación de serotonina e noradrenalina. Proba os teus coñecementos sobre este importante tema da psicoloxía clínica.

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