16 Questions
Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their descriptions:
Fratar Method = Determines future travel patterns between zones based on present travel patterns and growth factors Gravity Model = Predicts the percentage of individuals who will choose one mode over the other Poisson Regression = Estimates trip production per zone based on high correlation between variables Mode Choice Behavior = Influenced by trip purpose, socioeconomic characteristics, and transportation system characteristics
Match the following transportation modeling steps with their purposes:
Traffic Assignment = To assess deficiencies in the existing transportation network Trip Distribution = To determine the number of trips originating in the study zone and their trip destinations Mode Choice Analysis = To evaluate the effects of limited improvements and expansions to the existing transportation system Route Assignment = To provide design hour volumes and turning movements
Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their characteristics:
Gravity Model = Produces trip tables or O-D matrix Poisson Regression = Used for estimating trip production per zone Fratar Method = An iterative process to determine future travel patterns Mode Choice Behavior = Influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of trip makers
Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their applications:
Traffic Assignment = To test alternative transportation system proposals Trip Distribution = To develop construction priorities Mode Choice Analysis = To evaluate the effects of limited improvements and expansions to the existing transportation system Route Assignment = To assess deficiencies in the existing transportation network
Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their focuses:
Gravity Model = Predicting trip distribution between zones Poisson Regression = Estimating trip production per zone Fratar Method = Determining future travel patterns between zones Mode Choice Analysis = Analyzing mode choice behavior of individuals
Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their inputs:
Fratar Method = Present travel patterns and growth factors Gravity Model = Trips originating in the study zone and their trip destinations Poisson Regression = High correlation between variables Mode Choice Analysis = Socioeconomic characteristics of trip makers
Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their outputs:
Traffic Assignment = Design hour volumes and turning movements Trip Distribution = Trip tables or O-D matrix Mode Choice Analysis = Percentage of individuals choosing one mode over the other Route Assignment = Minimum time paths for trip assignment
Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their scopes:
Gravity Model = Zone-to-zone travel patterns Poisson Regression = Trip production per zone Fratar Method = Future travel patterns between zones Mode Choice Analysis = Individual travel behavior
Match the following steps in transportation planning with their descriptions:
Temporal aggregation = Trips are aggregated temporally, and trip generation models seek to predict the number of trips per hour or per day. Segmentation of trips by type = Different types of trips have different characteristics that make them more or less likely to be taken at various times of the day. Aggregation of decision-making units = Predicting trip generation behavior is simplified by considering the trip generation behavior of a household as opposed to the behavior of individual travelers. Trip rates from National/Local Studies = Predicting trip generation behavior based on national or local studies.
Match the following transportation planning components with their descriptions:
Origin = The starting point of a trip Destination = The ending point of a trip Mode = The type of transportation used for a trip (e.g. car, bus, walk) Purpose = The reason for taking a trip (e.g. work, school, leisure)
Match the following traffic forecasting steps with their descriptions:
Analyze traffic demand = Understanding the factors that affect traffic volume and forecasting future traffic levels Discuss basic elements of transportation planning = Understanding the fundamental components of transportation planning Familiarize the four-step model for transportation demand modeling = A modeling approach that predicts travel demand based on land use, transportation infrastructure, and other factors Highway network modification = Changes to the highway network that can impact traffic volume and flow
Match the following traveler decisions with their descriptions:
Temporal decisions = Deciding when to travel Destination decisions = Deciding where to travel to Modal decisions = Deciding how to travel (e.g. car, bus, walk) Spatial or route decisions = Deciding which route to take
Match the following transportation planning tasks with their descriptions:
Identify the origin and destination = Determining the starting and ending points of trips Identify the purpose and mode of travel use = Determining the reason for travel and the mode of transportation used Predict traffic volumes = Forecasting the number of vehicles on the road at a given time View the highway network as a system = Considering the interconnectedness of the highway network and its impact on traffic flow
Match the following trip characteristics with their descriptions:
Trip generation behavior = The frequency and pattern of trips taken by individuals or households Trip distribution = The distribution of trips between different origins and destinations Modal split = The proportion of trips taken by different modes of transportation Route choice = The selection of a specific route for a trip
Match the following transportation planning concepts with their descriptions:
Capacity or level of service change = A modification to the highway network that can impact traffic flow Highway network = A system of roads and highways that facilitate travel Traffic flow = The movement of vehicles on the highway network Travel demand modeling = A process for predicting travel behavior and demand
Match the following transportation planning steps with their descriptions:
Discuss basic elements of transportation planning = Understanding the fundamental components of transportation planning Analyze traffic demand = Understanding the factors that affect traffic volume and forecasting future traffic levels Familiarize the four-step model for transportation demand modeling = A modeling approach that predicts travel demand based on land use, transportation infrastructure, and other factors Present information to decision-makers = Communicating the results of transportation planning to stakeholders
Study Notes
Transportation Planning
- A process that involves accomplishing well-defined tasks to present information to decision-makers for a particular place and condition.
Traffic Forecasting
- Traffic volumes change over time and are affected by significant modifications to a highway network.
- Highway network must be viewed as a system, considering capacity or level of service changes on one segment impacting traffic flows on surrounding segments.
Four-Step Model for Transportation Demand Modelling
- Travelers make four distinct but interrelated decisions regarding trips:
- Temporal decisions (when to travel)
- Destination decisions (where to travel)
- Modal decisions (how to travel)
- Spatial or route decisions (which route to take)
Trip Generation
- Predicting trip generation behavior is simplified by considering household behavior (a group of travelers sharing the same domicile) rather than individual travelers.
- Different types of trips have different characteristics, making them more or less likely to be taken at various times of the day.
- Trips are aggregated temporally, and trip generation models seek to predict the number of trips per hour or per day.
Trip Generation Methods
- Trip rates from National/Local Studies
- Cross Classification Analysis
- Regression Analysis (used to estimate trip production per zone, given high correlation between two variables)
- Poisson Regression
Trip Distribution
- Under Gravity Model, major products of trip distribution are trip tables or O-D matrix, showing the number of trips originating in the study zone and their trip destination.
- Under Fratar Method, future travel patterns between zones are determined by present travel patterns and growth factors at the destination zone.
Mode Choice
- Factors that influence mode choice behavior:
- Type of trip (e.g., trip purpose and time of day)
- Socioeconomic characteristics of trip maker (e.g., income, age, auto ownership)
- Characteristics of the transportation system (e.g., relative travel time for the mode chosen)
- Mode choice models predict the percentage of individuals who will choose one mode over the other.
Traffic Assignment
- Final steps in transportation modeling involve assigning trips to paths available at hand, based on minimum time as the basis for path selection.
- The purposes of traffic assignment are:
- To assess the deficiencies in the existing transportation network
- To evaluate the effects of limited improvements and expansions to the existing transportation system
- To develop construction priorities
- To test alternative transportation system proposals
- To provide design hour volumes and turning movements
Learn about the process of transportation planning and the four-step model for transportation demand forecasting. Discover how to analyze traffic volumes and make informed decisions for a particular place and condition.
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