Transportation Planning and Demand Modelling

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Questions and Answers

Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their descriptions:

Fratar Method = Determines future travel patterns between zones based on present travel patterns and growth factors Gravity Model = Predicts the percentage of individuals who will choose one mode over the other Poisson Regression = Estimates trip production per zone based on high correlation between variables Mode Choice Behavior = Influenced by trip purpose, socioeconomic characteristics, and transportation system characteristics

Match the following transportation modeling steps with their purposes:

Traffic Assignment = To assess deficiencies in the existing transportation network Trip Distribution = To determine the number of trips originating in the study zone and their trip destinations Mode Choice Analysis = To evaluate the effects of limited improvements and expansions to the existing transportation system Route Assignment = To provide design hour volumes and turning movements

Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their characteristics:

Gravity Model = Produces trip tables or O-D matrix Poisson Regression = Used for estimating trip production per zone Fratar Method = An iterative process to determine future travel patterns Mode Choice Behavior = Influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of trip makers

Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their applications:

Traffic Assignment = To test alternative transportation system proposals Trip Distribution = To develop construction priorities Mode Choice Analysis = To evaluate the effects of limited improvements and expansions to the existing transportation system Route Assignment = To assess deficiencies in the existing transportation network Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their focuses:

Gravity Model = Predicting trip distribution between zones Poisson Regression = Estimating trip production per zone Fratar Method = Determining future travel patterns between zones Mode Choice Analysis = Analyzing mode choice behavior of individuals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their inputs:

Fratar Method = Present travel patterns and growth factors Gravity Model = Trips originating in the study zone and their trip destinations Poisson Regression = High correlation between variables Mode Choice Analysis = Socioeconomic characteristics of trip makers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their outputs:

Traffic Assignment = Design hour volumes and turning movements Trip Distribution = Trip tables or O-D matrix Mode Choice Analysis = Percentage of individuals choosing one mode over the other Route Assignment = Minimum time paths for trip assignment Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transportation modeling concepts with their scopes:

Gravity Model = Zone-to-zone travel patterns Poisson Regression = Trip production per zone Fratar Method = Future travel patterns between zones Mode Choice Analysis = Individual travel behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the following steps in transportation planning with their descriptions:

Temporal aggregation = Trips are aggregated temporally, and trip generation models seek to predict the number of trips per hour or per day. Segmentation of trips by type = Different types of trips have different characteristics that make them more or less likely to be taken at various times of the day. Aggregation of decision-making units = Predicting trip generation behavior is simplified by considering the trip generation behavior of a household as opposed to the behavior of individual travelers. Trip rates from National/Local Studies = Predicting trip generation behavior based on national or local studies. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transportation planning components with their descriptions:

Origin = The starting point of a trip Destination = The ending point of a trip Mode = The type of transportation used for a trip (e.g. car, bus, walk) Purpose = The reason for taking a trip (e.g. work, school, leisure) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following traffic forecasting steps with their descriptions:

Analyze traffic demand = Understanding the factors that affect traffic volume and forecasting future traffic levels Discuss basic elements of transportation planning = Understanding the fundamental components of transportation planning Familiarize the four-step model for transportation demand modeling = A modeling approach that predicts travel demand based on land use, transportation infrastructure, and other factors Highway network modification = Changes to the highway network that can impact traffic volume and flow Signup and view all the answers

Match the following traveler decisions with their descriptions:

Temporal decisions = Deciding when to travel Destination decisions = Deciding where to travel to Modal decisions = Deciding how to travel (e.g. car, bus, walk) Spatial or route decisions = Deciding which route to take Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transportation planning tasks with their descriptions:

Identify the origin and destination = Determining the starting and ending points of trips Identify the purpose and mode of travel use = Determining the reason for travel and the mode of transportation used Predict traffic volumes = Forecasting the number of vehicles on the road at a given time View the highway network as a system = Considering the interconnectedness of the highway network and its impact on traffic flow Signup and view all the answers

Match the following trip characteristics with their descriptions:

Trip generation behavior = The frequency and pattern of trips taken by individuals or households Trip distribution = The distribution of trips between different origins and destinations Modal split = The proportion of trips taken by different modes of transportation Route choice = The selection of a specific route for a trip Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transportation planning concepts with their descriptions:

Capacity or level of service change = A modification to the highway network that can impact traffic flow Highway network = A system of roads and highways that facilitate travel Traffic flow = The movement of vehicles on the highway network Travel demand modeling = A process for predicting travel behavior and demand Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transportation planning steps with their descriptions:

Discuss basic elements of transportation planning = Understanding the fundamental components of transportation planning Analyze traffic demand = Understanding the factors that affect traffic volume and forecasting future traffic levels Familiarize the four-step model for transportation demand modeling = A modeling approach that predicts travel demand based on land use, transportation infrastructure, and other factors Present information to decision-makers = Communicating the results of transportation planning to stakeholders Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Transportation Planning

A process that involves accomplishing well-defined tasks to present information to decision-makers for a particular place and condition.

Traffic Forecasting

Traffic volumes change over time and are affected by significant modifications to a highway network.
Highway network must be viewed as a system, considering capacity or level of service changes on one segment impacting traffic flows on surrounding segments.

Four-Step Model for Transportation Demand Modelling

Travelers make four distinct but interrelated decisions regarding trips:
- Temporal decisions (when to travel)
- Destination decisions (where to travel)
- Modal decisions (how to travel)
- Spatial or route decisions (which route to take)

Trip Generation

Predicting trip generation behavior is simplified by considering household behavior (a group of travelers sharing the same domicile) rather than individual travelers.
Different types of trips have different characteristics, making them more or less likely to be taken at various times of the day.
Trips are aggregated temporally, and trip generation models seek to predict the number of trips per hour or per day.

Trip Generation Methods

Trip rates from National/Local Studies
Cross Classification Analysis
Regression Analysis (used to estimate trip production per zone, given high correlation between two variables)
Poisson Regression

Trip Distribution

Under Gravity Model, major products of trip distribution are trip tables or O-D matrix, showing the number of trips originating in the study zone and their trip destination.
Under Fratar Method, future travel patterns between zones are determined by present travel patterns and growth factors at the destination zone.

Mode Choice

Factors that influence mode choice behavior:
- Type of trip (e.g., trip purpose and time of day)
- Socioeconomic characteristics of trip maker (e.g., income, age, auto ownership)
- Characteristics of the transportation system (e.g., relative travel time for the mode chosen)
Mode choice models predict the percentage of individuals who will choose one mode over the other.

Traffic Assignment

Final steps in transportation modeling involve assigning trips to paths available at hand, based on minimum time as the basis for path selection.
The purposes of traffic assignment are:
- To assess the deficiencies in the existing transportation network
- To evaluate the effects of limited improvements and expansions to the existing transportation system
- To develop construction priorities
- To test alternative transportation system proposals
- To provide design hour volumes and turning movements