16 Questions
Transportation planning is a process by which a well-defined ______ must be accomplished before the final set of information is presented.
tasks
Traffic volumes will always ______ over time.
change
Highway network must be viewed as a system with the realization that a capacity or level of service ______ on any one segment of the highway network will impact traffic flows on many of the surrounding highway segments.
change
Travelers can be viewed as making four distinct but interrelated ______ regarding trips: temporal decisions, destination decisions, modal decisions, and spatial or route decisions.
decisions
Predicting trip generation behavior is simplified by considering the trip generation behavior of a ______ (a group of travelers sharing the same domicile) as opposed to the behavior of individual travelers.
household
Different types of trips have different characteristics that make them more or less likely to be taken at various ______ of the day.
times
Trips are aggregated ______, and trip generation models seek to predict the number of trips per hour or per day.
temporally
Trip rates can be obtained from ______ Studies.
National/Local
Given high correlation between two variables, ______ equation is used to estimate trip production per zone
regression
Under Gravity Model, major products of trip distribution is trip tables or ______ matrix.
O-D
According to Fratar Method, future travel patterns between zones are determined by the present travel patterns and the ______ factors at the destination zone.
growth
The ______ method is analogous to Hard Cross method of successive approximation for moment distribution in indeterminate structure.
Fratar
The final steps in transportation modeling are assigning trips to ______ available at hand.
paths
The purposes of traffic assignment include assessing the deficiencies in the existing ______ network.
transportation
One of the factors that influence ______ choice behavior is type of trip.
mode
The final steps in transportation modeling are based on minimum ______ as basis for path selection.
time
Study Notes
Transportation Planning
- A process that involves accomplishing well-defined tasks to present information to decision-makers for a particular place and condition.
Traffic Forecasting
- Traffic volumes change over time and are affected by significant modifications to a highway network.
- Highway network must be viewed as a system, considering capacity or level of service changes on one segment impacting traffic flows on surrounding segments.
Four-Step Model for Transportation Demand Modelling
- Travelers make four distinct but interrelated decisions regarding trips:
- Temporal decisions (when to travel)
- Destination decisions (where to travel)
- Modal decisions (how to travel)
- Spatial or route decisions (which route to take)
Trip Generation
- Predicting trip generation behavior is simplified by considering household behavior (a group of travelers sharing the same domicile) rather than individual travelers.
- Different types of trips have different characteristics, making them more or less likely to be taken at various times of the day.
- Trips are aggregated temporally, and trip generation models seek to predict the number of trips per hour or per day.
Trip Generation Methods
- Trip rates from National/Local Studies
- Cross Classification Analysis
- Regression Analysis (used to estimate trip production per zone, given high correlation between two variables)
- Poisson Regression
Trip Distribution
- Under Gravity Model, major products of trip distribution are trip tables or O-D matrix, showing the number of trips originating in the study zone and their trip destination.
- Under Fratar Method, future travel patterns between zones are determined by present travel patterns and growth factors at the destination zone.
Mode Choice
- Factors that influence mode choice behavior:
- Type of trip (e.g., trip purpose and time of day)
- Socioeconomic characteristics of trip maker (e.g., income, age, auto ownership)
- Characteristics of the transportation system (e.g., relative travel time for the mode chosen)
- Mode choice models predict the percentage of individuals who will choose one mode over the other.
Traffic Assignment
- Final steps in transportation modeling involve assigning trips to paths available at hand, based on minimum time as the basis for path selection.
- The purposes of traffic assignment are:
- To assess the deficiencies in the existing transportation network
- To evaluate the effects of limited improvements and expansions to the existing transportation system
- To develop construction priorities
- To test alternative transportation system proposals
- To provide design hour volumes and turning movements
Learn about the basics of transportation planning, including the four-step model for transportation demand modelling and forecasting traffic volumes. Understand the tasks involved in transportation planning and decision-making.
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