Transport Systems and Cardiac Cycle

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves?

To prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles. (correct)

To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

To facilitate blood flow from the ventricles into the atria.

To regulate blood pressure during diastole.

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract, resulting in increased pressure in the atria?

Isovolumetric relaxation.

Diastole.

Ventricular systole.

Atrial systole. (correct)

How do changes in volume and pressure occur during atrial and ventricular diastole?

Volume increases and pressure decreases as blood enters the atria. (correct)

Volume decreases and pressure increases as blood enters the ventricles.

Volume decreases and pressure remains constant, promoting blood flow.

Volume remains constant while pressure increases in the atria.

What impact does atherosclerosis have on the cardiac cycle?

It causes an increase in arterial pressure and restricts blood flow. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a sudden loss of blood supply to the heart muscle?

Myocardial infarction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the atria in the mammalian heart?

To collect and retain blood temporarily (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle in the mammalian heart?

Bicuspid valve (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the cardiac cycle during systole?

Blood is pumped out of the heart (D) Signup and view all the answers

Hypertension is primarily caused by which factor?

Arteriosclerosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system is characterized by what?

Buildup of plaque in arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of myocardial infarction?

Damage to heart tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

The right atrium receives which type of blood?

Deoxygenated blood from the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What separates the right chambers from the left chambers of the mammalian heart?

Septum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs immediately after the AV valves shut during ventricular systole?

The semilunar valves open. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the 'lub' heart sound?

Closure of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by blood flowing from the atrium to the ventricle?

Diastole. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ventricular volume at point C in the cardiac cycle?

It begins to decrease. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is the pressure in the ventricles particularly elevated during systole?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during diastole in relation to the semilunar valves?

They remain closed to prevent backflow. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How long does one complete heartbeat last?

0.8 seconds. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism that causes the closure of the semilunar valves?

Ventricular pressure falling below aortic pressure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transport Systems

Transport systems in animals and plants move materials around the organism.
Mammals have a closed circulatory system with a four-chambered heart.
The heart is surrounded by a fibrous sac called the pericardium.
The pericardium contains pericardial fluid, reducing friction during heartbeats.
The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
Atria receive blood, ventricles pump blood.
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.
Valves prevent backflow of blood.

Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle describes the sequence of events during one heartbeat.
Systole is the contraction phase, diastole is the relaxation phase.
Atrial and ventricular diastole involves relaxation and filling, increasing volume and decreasing pressure.
Atrial systole involves contraction pushing blood from the atria into the ventricles increasing pressure.
Ventricular systole involves contraction pushing blood out from the ventricles to the body and lungs, increasing pressure.

Lymphatic System

A network of vessels that collect fluid called lymph.
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system.
Lymph nodes filter lymph, removing pathogens and debris.
Lymph nodes also produce lymphocytes, assisting in the body's immune response.
Lymph vessels return filtered lymph fluid back to the circulatory system.

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular disorders affect the heart and blood vessels.
Hypertension is a condition of chronically/persistently elevated arterial blood pressure.
Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and stiffening of artery walls.
Myocardial infarction is the death of heart muscle tissue due to a lack of blood supply.

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Description

Explore the fascinating transport systems in animals and plants, focusing on the mammalian heart's structure and function. Understand the cardiac cycle's phases and how blood is circulated efficiently within the body. This quiz will test your knowledge on these essential biological concepts.