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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the transport of sperm in males?
What is the first step in the transport of sperm in males?
- Flaccidity
- Ejaculation
- Fertilization
- Erection (correct)
What occurs during the phase of erection in males?
What occurs during the phase of erection in males?
- The reproductive tract is relaxed
- The penis loses blood
- Sperm is expelled
- The penis fills with blood (correct)
What is ejaculation specifically referring to?
What is ejaculation specifically referring to?
- The process of sperm fertilizing an egg
- The expulsion of sperm from the reproductive tract (correct)
- The state of the penis when not erect
- The filling of the penis with blood
How is a sagittal view of the male reproductive system obtained?
How is a sagittal view of the male reproductive system obtained?
What is the key physiological change in the penis during erection?
What is the key physiological change in the penis during erection?
Which of the following best describes the state of flaccidity?
Which of the following best describes the state of flaccidity?
What does the successful transport of sperm into the female reproductive tract lead to?
What does the successful transport of sperm into the female reproductive tract lead to?
Which change primarily triggers the process of erection?
Which change primarily triggers the process of erection?
What neurotransmitter is released by the sympathetic nervous system during the process of ejaculation?
What neurotransmitter is released by the sympathetic nervous system during the process of ejaculation?
Which muscle contracts to expel semen from the urethra?
Which muscle contracts to expel semen from the urethra?
What physiological changes may occur in the body after ejaculation?
What physiological changes may occur in the body after ejaculation?
What is the term used to describe the combination of ejaculation and physiological changes experienced in the body?
What is the term used to describe the combination of ejaculation and physiological changes experienced in the body?
During sexual excitement, what occurs to the vascular chambers in the penis?
During sexual excitement, what occurs to the vascular chambers in the penis?
Which structures are contracted in response to norepinephrine during ejaculation?
Which structures are contracted in response to norepinephrine during ejaculation?
What is the primary role of the sympathetic nervous system during ejaculation?
What is the primary role of the sympathetic nervous system during ejaculation?
Where does the semen accumulate before being expelled during ejaculation?
Where does the semen accumulate before being expelled during ejaculation?
What initiates the process of achieving an erection?
What initiates the process of achieving an erection?
Which part of the penis fills with blood during an erection?
Which part of the penis fills with blood during an erection?
What is the function of the lacunar spaces in the penis?
What is the function of the lacunar spaces in the penis?
What maintains the balance of blood flow into and out of the penis under normal conditions?
What maintains the balance of blood flow into and out of the penis under normal conditions?
Which structure runs the entire length of the vascular chambers in the penis?
Which structure runs the entire length of the vascular chambers in the penis?
How can a flaccid penis be visually identified in a transverse view?
How can a flaccid penis be visually identified in a transverse view?
What is the primary role of dorsal veins during an erection?
What is the primary role of dorsal veins during an erection?
What happens to blood vessels in the penis during erection?
What happens to blood vessels in the penis during erection?
Which artery is responsible for supplying blood during an erection?
Which artery is responsible for supplying blood during an erection?
What is the primary reason for the difference in appearance between a flaccid and an erect penis?
What is the primary reason for the difference in appearance between a flaccid and an erect penis?
What causes the arterials to remain constricted when the penis is flaccid?
What causes the arterials to remain constricted when the penis is flaccid?
Which chemical signal is responsible for the dilation of arterials during erection?
Which chemical signal is responsible for the dilation of arterials during erection?
What role does the tunica albuginea play during an erection?
What role does the tunica albuginea play during an erection?
What initiates the process of ejaculation in terms of nervous system signaling?
What initiates the process of ejaculation in terms of nervous system signaling?
How much semen is typically discharged during ejaculation?
How much semen is typically discharged during ejaculation?
During which phase of sexual response does the penis become erect?
During which phase of sexual response does the penis become erect?
What happens to blood flow when the penis transitions from erect to flaccid?
What happens to blood flow when the penis transitions from erect to flaccid?
What triggers the release of nitric oxide during the erect state?
What triggers the release of nitric oxide during the erect state?
Which of the following is NOT a phase of ejaculation?
Which of the following is NOT a phase of ejaculation?
What is the main reason the penis remains flaccid?
What is the main reason the penis remains flaccid?
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Study Notes
Transport of Sperm
- Sperm transport involves moving sperm from the male reproductive tract to the female reproductive tract for fertilization.
- The process is a two-step mechanism: erection followed by ejaculation.
Erection
- Begins in the brain, where sexual stimulation (visual, auditory, or tactile) triggers signals.
- Blood vessels in the penis expand, allowing blood flow and resulting in an erection.
- Erection transforms the penis from flaccid (little blood) to engorged (filled with blood).
Anatomy of the Penis
- Penis consists of three main parts: base (root), body, and glans (head).
- Transverse view reveals two corpora cavernosae on each side and one corpus spongiosum below.
- The urethra runs through the penis, carrying urine and semen.
Vascular Mechanics
- Blood enters the vascular chambers via dorsal and cavernosal arteries.
- During erection, blood leaks from cavernosal arteries into lacunar spaces, causing engorgement and compression of venous drainage.
- Arterials relax due to the release of nitric oxide (NO) from parasympathetic neurons, facilitating increased blood inflow.
- Tunica albuginea encases vascular chambers, preventing over-expansion.
Ejaculation
- Defined as the release of semen, typically 3-5 milliliters containing approximately 300 million sperm.
- A critical level of sexual excitement initiates the ejaculation process, sending signals between the penis, spinal cord, and brain.
Phases of Ejaculation
- The first phase involves sympathetic nervous system activation: norepinephrine released causes contraction of structures (epididymis, vas deferens, accessory glands, and ejaculatory duct) to push semen into the urethra.
- In the second phase, rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle in the urethra and bulbospongiosum muscle expel semen through the meatus.
- Ejaculation is often accompanied by a sense of pleasure and physiological changes in the body, including decreased heart rate and blood pressure.
Orgasm
- The combined sensations from ejaculation and bodily changes can be referred to as an orgasm, representing a peak experience during sexual activity.
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