Male Reproductive System and Sperm Transport Mechanisms

<p>Myoid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glandular secretory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion to DHT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of pituitary gland activity through GnRH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inguinoscrotal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protect the horse from pain, injury, suffering, and disease and take records of all medical treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inappropriate use of training aids and inappropriate stabling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manual palpation of the scrotum and blood tests for AMH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To differentiate between rigs and geldings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age, weight, and previous medical history of the horse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaesthetic, surgery, post-operative checks, and pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Description of the animal, list of all vaccinations, and microchip details</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reunite lost or stolen horses with their owners more easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before they reach six months old or before November 30 within the year they are born</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The horse may be ineligible for certain veterinary treatments or procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To calculate the horse's approximate weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow spermatogenesis to occur at a lower temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>35°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Near the kidneys and dorsal body wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a more comprehensive assessment of the horse's health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behind the peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate genetic recombination during meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Zero' point positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The peritoneal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of hormones to regulate sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaxation of the smooth muscle walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transportation by the deferent duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maturation and storage of sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggression toward other horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent undesirable genetic traits from being passed on</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tense muzzle as a sign of worry in the horse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collisions due to attempted escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Increased bonding with handlers&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Increasing estrogen production&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under or over weight = Inappropriate body condition leading to health problems Stabling 24 hours a day = Limited movement and lack of access to grazing Inappropriate use of training aids = Improper equipment causing discomfort or injury Kept in unsuitable environments = Poor living conditions affecting health and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manual palpation of the scrotum = Assessment for descended testicles AMH blood test = Biomarker of testicular tissue production Oestrone Sulphate blood test = Distinguishes between rigs and geldings History of the animal and bilateral castration = Assessment of previous castration and medical background</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Castration under general anaesthetic (up to 200kg) = Procedure, sedation, consumables included Castration under general anaesthetic (Up to 350kg) = Procedure, sedation, consumables included Castration under general anaesthetic (Over 350kg) = Procedure, sedation, consumables included Castrate Standing &lt; 6 months old = Procedure, sedation, consumables included</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passport = Describes the animal, lists vaccinations, includes owner's details Microchip = Includes owner's information, horse’s passport details Passport upkeep = Must be kept with the horse at all times, kept up to date Microchipping before new homes = Must be microchipped before going to new homes, details stored in CED</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>microchips</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cryptorchidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blood test</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cryptorchidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-mullerian Hormone (AMH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oestrone sulphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.5ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>six months</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estimating a horse's weight when no scales are available</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow spermatogenesis to occur at a lower temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spermatogenesis will not occur normally at body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retroperitoneally within the cranial abdomen from intermediate mesoderm near the kidneys and dorsal body wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To differentiate between cryptorchid and castrated horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may be located in the abdomen or inguinal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the production of AMH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Androgens such as testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Above 35°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cranial gonadal ligament and caudal gonadal ligament (gubernaculum during development)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a covering to the inguinal canal's content and is located above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>testicular, epididymal, and accessory sex glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating the activity of the pituitary gland and the release of hormones, particularly gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone is converted to DHT, which is vital for maintaining spermatogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They influence male sexual behaviors like aggression and other species-specific patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transabdominal Phase (regulated by testosterone) and Inguinoscrotal Phase (regulated by androgens and the genitofemoral nerve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptorchidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glandular secretory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic nerves cause tonic contractions of the smooth muscle walls of the erectile tissue, while parasympathetic control leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle, allowing blood to fill the cavernous spaces and increase length and girth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reasons for castration of male horses include preventing undesirable genetic traits from being passed on, managing aggressive behavior caused by high testosterone, and addressing cryptorchidism, an inheritable trait that leads to lower sperm count.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Castrated horses may exhibit reduced aggression and stallion-like behavior, but some mature geldings may still display masculine behavior and attempt to mount and breed mares in estrus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The male reproductive tract absorbs old or unused sperm through macrophages, and the accessory sex glands produce seminal fluid to aid motility and nourish sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The health and safety risks include physical injuries to handlers, attempts of escape leading to collisions, and unpredictable reactions of unhandled horses. Strategies for safe handling include assessing body language, using appropriate physical restraint, and allowing time for the examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sperm transport in the male reproductive tract involves spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules, collection into the rete testis, reabsorption and concentration of fluid in the efferent ducts, maturation and storage in the epididymis, and transportation to the pelvic urethra at ejaculation via the deferent duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reabsorption of sperm occurs in two steps: macrophages break down old or unused sperm, and the remnants are absorbed into the membrane lining the epididymis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key aspects of equine body language include stance, ears, eyes, muzzle, and nostrils, which can indicate the horse's mood and help assess safety implications for handlers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The legislation in the UK places a duty of care on those responsible for horses, ensuring the animals' welfare needs are met, including the provision of adequate food, water, shelter, and veterinary care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accessory sex glands in the male reproductive system produce seminal fluid to act as a transport medium aiding motility and nourishing sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some major welfare issues facing horses in the UK include being under or over weight, stabling 24 hours a day, inappropriate use of training aids, unsuitable environments, and vulnerability in the racing industry and travellers horses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tests to identify a 'rig' in horses include manual palpation of the scrotum, taking a history of the animal to check for castration, and conducting blood tests for AMH (Anti-mullerian Hormone) and Oestrone Sulphate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a legal requirement to have microchips and passports for horses. The passport should include the animal's description, vaccinations, owner's details, and the microchip details. Horses must be microchipped before going to new homes by law, and the details must be stored in the Central Equine Database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cost of castration for horses varies based on factors such as the size and weight of the horse, the type of castration (standing or under general anaesthetic), and whether additional treatments like vaccination for tetanus are required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The costs of castration for horses vary based on the size and weight of the horse, ranging from around £110 to £385. Costs are incurred for the procedure, sedation, consumables, drugs administered, and additional treatments like tetanus vaccination if required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cost of castration for horses under general anaesthetic should cover the procedure, sedation, consumables, drugs administered, and may include additional treatments like oral antibiotics and pain relief on a case by case basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of testing for Oestrone Sulphate in horses suspected to be 'rigs' is to distinguish between rigs and geldings. Equine testes produce 10 times as much oestrogen as testosterone, and this test helps differentiate between the two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under the Animal Welfare Act (2013), those who own or are responsible for a horse have a duty of care to provide suitable housing, food and water, protection from pain and suffering, normal behavior, medical treatment records, vaccination, and registration with a vet and farrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus regulates male reproduction by secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, thereby controlling the production of testosterone and sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foals should have a valid passport and microchip before they reach six months old, or before the 30 November within the year they are born.</p> Signup and view all the answers