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What is the driving force that causes the flow of O2 during gas diffusion?

  • Resistance
  • Pressure (correct)
  • Surface area
  • Permeability

    • Which factor is considered the least important in gas diffusion according to the text?

  • Molecular weight (correct)
  • Surface area
  • Solubility
  • Thickness

    • What equation can be used to calculate the permeability (K) for gas diffusion?

  • K = A/dx * Solubility/√MW (correct)
  • K = √MW/(A*dx)
  • K = Solubility/A * √MW*dx
  • K = A*dx/Solubility * √MW

    • What does DLCO stand for in the context of gas diffusion?

    <p>Diffusion Capacity of the Lung for CO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the solubility of CO2 set at 20 and CO at 0.8 in the context of gas diffusion?

    <p>Due to higher solubility than O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the diffusion capacity for oxygen (DLO2) be calculated if DLCO is given as 17 ml/min/mmHg?

    <p>(DLCO * 20) / 0.8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the extraction ratio in the described patient compared to normal?

    <p>It increases to 50%. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a muscle is paralyzed, what happens to the PO2 in the interstitial?

    <p>It increases to 100mmHg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does giving a vasodilator have on the PO2 in the interstitial?

    <p>It remains the same at 100mmHg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal muscle with higher metabolism, what happens to the PO2 in the interstitial?

    <p>It decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ABGs during exercise according to the text?

    <p>They stay the same. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In comparison of a normal lung and a damaged lung, what does it mean if the DLO2 is lower than normal?

    <p>The oxygen diffusion is compromised in damaged lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, why does the entire lung become zone 3?

    <p>Due to the distension of the capillaries and improvement in V/Q. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes DLO2 around 63 during exercise?

    <p>The lung working about 3 times more efficiently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with CO poisoning, why may their oxygen concentration be very small despite normal ABG results?

    <p>Because CO binds 250 times more tightly to hemoglobin than O2. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why won't neurons in the brain alert a patient with CO poisoning despite low oxygen concentration?

    <p>Because the ABG results for oxygen are normal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does anemia (7.5g/dl hemoglobin) affect oxygen concentration despite normal ABG and O2 saturation?

    <p>Causes a decrease in the normal concentration of O2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded about hemoglobin levels causing a decrease in oxygen concentration?

    <p>Normal hemoglobin levels are crucial for maintaining oxygen concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ratio that describes the relationship between the volume of carbon dioxide produced and the volume of oxygen consumed during respiration?

    <p>Respiratory exchange ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If proteins have a respiratory exchange ratio of 0.8, what does this ratio signify?

    <p>More oxygen is consumed than carbon dioxide produced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the diffusion capacity is 1/8 of its original value due to thickening of the lung membrane, what happens to the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?

    <p>Decreases significantly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering a venous admixture in the heart, why might there be a difference between the expected normal arterial blood gas value for oxygen (100) and the actual value (95)?

    <p>Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If half of all red blood cells are removed from a sample with an arterial PO2 of 100 mmHg and an oxygen content of 20 ml O2/dl, what will happen to the arterial PO2?

    <p>It will increase to 30 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the systemic arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg and the hematocrit is 40%, what will be the systemic arterial PO2 if blood is added to increase hematocrit to 50%?

    <p>70 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force for the flow of O2 during gas diffusion?

    <p>Difference in pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to calculate the permeability (K) for gas diffusion?

    <p>(A/dx) * (Sol/√MW) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the least important factor in gas diffusion according to the text?

    <p>Molecular weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the solubility of CO set at 20 and CO2 at 0.8 in the context of gas diffusion?

    <p>To reflect their different solubilities compared to O2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DLCO stand for in the context of gas diffusion?

    <p>Diffusion Capacity of the Lung for CO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If DLCO is 17 ml/min/mmHg, what would be the calculated DLO2 if CO2 solubility was used instead of Sol/√MW?

    <p>-3.4 ml/min/mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a muscle is paralyzed, what effect does it have on the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the interstitial?

    <p>It increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the extraction ratio in the described patient compared to normal?

    <p>It increases dramatically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what occurs with the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the lungs?

    <p>It remains stable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) not change in the interstitial when a vasodilator is administered?

    <p>Flow increase compensates for PO2 decrease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal muscle with higher metabolism, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the interstitial?

    <p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to arterial blood gas (ABGs) during exercise?

    <p>ABGs remain unaffected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind CO being used as a measurement in DLCO2 instead of O2?

    <p>CO binds 250 times tighter than O2 to hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a patient with CO poisoning have normal ABG results for oxygen despite low oxygen concentration?

    <p>Neurons in the brain do not sense low oxygen due to normal ABG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the oxygen saturation when a patient has 7.5g/dl of hemoglobin in blood?

    <p>Remains normal despite lower hemoglobin levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when the entire lung becomes zone 3 during exercise?

    <p>Three times more efficient due to capillary distension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does CO poisoning affect the oxygen concentration in the blood despite normal ABG for oxygen?

    <p>Decreases it by half (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a patient having 1/2 of normal hemoglobin concentration on the oxygen concentration in the blood?

    <p>Halves the oxygen concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is 100 mmHg and the hematocrit is 40%, what will be the arterial PO2 if half of the red blood cells are removed?

    <p>PO2=30 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If systemic arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg and hematocrit is 40%, what would be the systemic arterial PO2 if blood is diluted to decrease the hematocrit to 30%?

    <p>PO2=60 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the respiratory exchange ratio, which type of food consumption would result in the highest VCO2/VO2 ratio?

    <p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the oxygen consumption by cells increases due to higher energy demands, what would be the impact on the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?

    <p>PO2 will decrease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in cardiac output affect the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?

    <p>No effect on PO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does thickening of the lung membrane have on the diffusing capacity for oxygen (DLCO) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?

    <p>DLCO and PO2 both decrease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the flow of O2 during gas diffusion?

    <p>Pressure difference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is inversely proportional to resistance in the context of gas diffusion?

    <p>Surface area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can be considered the least important in gas diffusion based on the provided text?

    <p>Molecular weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the permeability (K) for gas diffusion be calculated based on the provided equation?

    <p>(Thickness * Solubility) / Surface Area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the DLCO (diffusion capacity of the lung for CO) as 17 ml/min/mmHg, what would be the calculated DLO2 if CO's solubility is used instead of Sol/√MW?

    <p>4.25 ml/min/mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the entire lung to become zone 3 during exercise?

    <p>Distension of capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a patient with CO poisoning not be alerted by the neurons in the brain despite low oxygen concentration in the body?

    <p>Normal ABG values for O2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem faced by a patient with CO poisoning despite having normal ABG results for oxygen?

    <p>Low oxygen concentration in blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the oxygen concentration in the blood of a patient with 7.5g/dl hemoglobin (anemic) compared to a person with normal hemoglobin levels?

    <p>Half of normal concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the V/Q ratio when the entire lung becomes zone 3 during exercise?

    <p>Increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the interstitial when a muscle is normal but has higher metabolism?

    <p>It decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the lungs?

    <p>It remains the same (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact on the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the interstitial when a vasodilator is administered?

    <p>It remains the same (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a muscle is paralyzed, what effect does it have on the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the interstitial?

    <p>It increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to arterial blood gas (ABGs) during exercise?

    <p>They remain unchanged (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does giving a vasodilator affect the flow of oxygen in the interstitial space?

    <p>It has no effect on the flow of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the systemic arterial PO2 if the blood is diluted to decrease the hematocrit to 30% from an initial value of 100 mmHg at 40% hematocrit?

    <p>PO2=60 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg and the oxygen content is 20ml O2/dl, what will be the arterial PO2 if all red blood cells are removed?

    <p>PO2=0 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the extraction ratio in a patient with CO poisoning compared to a normal individual?

    <p>Increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If DLCO is given as 17 ml/min/mmHg, what would be the calculated DLO2 if CO solubility was used instead of O2 solubility?

    <p>$240.6 , ml/min/mmHg$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal muscle with higher metabolism, what happens to the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) compared to the interstitial PO2?

    <p>Arterial PO2 increases compared to interstitial PO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded about hemoglobin levels causing a decrease in oxygen concentration despite normal ABG and O2 saturation?

    <p>Low hemoglobin levels lead to a decrease in oxygen concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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