80 Questions
What is the driving force that causes the flow of oxygen in gas diffusion?
Pressure difference
What factor is inversely proportional to resistance in the context of gas transport?
Permeability
How is the diffusion coefficient for oxygen considered in comparison to other gases?
It is equal to 1
What does the DLCO (diffusion capacity of CO) equal to in the provided text?
17ml/min/mmHg
How is the thickness factor calculated in determining the permeability of gases?
(Sol/A)*√MW
Why is molecular weight considered the least important factor in gas diffusion?
Because it's under a square root in the permeability equation
Why is DLCO2 equal to DLO2 times 20?
To indirectly measure DLO2.
What happens to the extraction ratio of oxygen in the patient described?
It increases to 50%.
What happens to the entire lung during exercising?
Becomes zone 3 and works more efficiently.
If a muscle is paralyzed and not taking any O2, what happens to the PO2 in the interstitial?
It increases.
What occurs when a vasodilator is given to a patient with increased flow?
PO2 in the interstitial remains the same.
What is the effect of CO poisoning on oxygen saturation in the blood?
Leads to decreased oxygen saturation.
In a normal muscle with higher metabolism, what happens to the PO2 in the interstitial?
It decreases.
What happens when a patient has 7.5g/dl of hemoglobin in blood?
Decreased concentration of O2.
What happens to PO2 during exercise?
It remains constant.
Why is the PO2-O2 sat curve shifted to the left in CO poisoning?
To reflect a leftward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.
How does the competitive inhibition of CO affect oxygen levels in the body?
Reduces the effective oxygen concentration.
How does damage in the lungs affect oxygen diffusion based on the text?
DLO2 decreases compared to normal.
If the systemic arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg and hematocrit is 40%, what is the new systemic arterial PO2 if blood is added to increase hematocrit to 50%?
PO2=120 mmHg
What is the main reason for the 5 mmHg difference between the expected and actual ABG for O2?
Venous admixture in the aorta
What is the term used to describe the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed during the breakdown of food molecules?
Respiratory exchange ratio
What does a VCO2/VO2 ratio of 1 indicate about the type of food being metabolized by the body?
Glucose consumption
How much oxygen is consumed per minute if the heart pumps 50 dl of blood containing 20 ml O2 per dl, and each cell takes up 5 ml/dl?
$250$ ml/min
What is the driving force that causes the flow in gas diffusion?
Pressure difference
How is the thickness factor calculated in determining the permeability of gases?
Thickness multiplied by Surface Area
What factor is considered the least important in gas diffusion according to the text?
Molecular Weight
What does the Diffusion Coefficient represent in the context of gas diffusion?
Solubility relative to Oxygen
What is the formula for calculating K, which represents permeability in gas diffusion?
(A/dx) * (Solubility / √Molecular Weight)
How is DLCO (diffusion capacity of CO) related to DLO2 based on the text?
DLCO = DLO2 * 0.8
Why is the solubility of gases a significant factor in gas diffusion?
It affects the permeability of gases.
How does surface area impact gas diffusion in the context of permeability?
Increases permeability
What effect does exercising have on the efficiency of the lung according to the text?
It increases the efficiency by three times
What happens to the extraction ratio of oxygen in the patient mentioned?
It increases to 75%.
How does CO poisoning affect oxygen saturation in the blood based on the text?
It decreases oxygen saturation
If a muscle is normal but has higher metabolism, what happens to the PO2 in the interstitial?
It decreases.
What is the main issue related to CO poisoning described in the text?
Normal ABG results for O2 don't signal low oxygen levels
What effect does a vasodilator have on the PO2 in the interstitial when a muscle is paralyzed?
No change.
What is the impact of exercise on the PO2 in the lungs according to the text?
It remains relatively unchanged.
What happens to the PO2-O2 sat curve in a patient with CO poisoning?
It shifts to the left
Why does a patient with 7.5g/dl of hemoglobin in blood have normal ABG for O2 but decreased oxygen concentration in the blood?
As half of normal hemoglobin leads to halved O2 concentration
How does damage affecting the diffusion capacity of oxygen in the lungs differ for a normal vs. damaged case?
The damaged case reaches a higher PO2 faster.
What happens to the PVO2 when only 5ml of oxygen goes through the capillaries and veins instead of the normal distribution?
It decreases.
How does CO behave as a competitive inhibitor of O2 according to the text?
CO binds 250 times more tightly than O2 to hemoglobin
In exercise, why does the literature suggest that the PO2 would not change significantly or at all?
As the metabolism increases with flow, they balance out.
What effect does CO poisoning have on the oxygen concentration in the blood?
Decreases oxygen concentration
How does CO poisoning affect the neurons in the brain according to the text?
Has no impact on how they function
If the systemic arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg and hematocrit is 40%, what is the systemic arterial PO2 if blood is added to decrease hematocrit to 30%?
PO2=70 mmHg
What is the effect on systemic arterial PO2 if the heart pumps 60 dl of blood per minute instead of the initial 50 dl per minute, keeping all other factors constant?
PO2=120 mmHg
If arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg and oxygen consumption is reduced leading to only 3ml O2/dl being taken up by the cells, what will be the new arterial PO2?
PO2=60 mmHg
If only proteins are being metabolized for energy, what would be the expected VCO2/VO2 ratio based on the given information in the text?
0.8
What happens to arterial PO2 if blood with an arterial PO2 of 70 mmHg mixes with blood having an arterial PO2 of 110 mmHg?
PO2=100 mmHg
What is the impact on arterial PO2 if there is an increase in venous blood mixing with the blood in the aorta due to increased bronchial circulation?
Decrease in PO2
How will removing half of all red cells from arterial blood affect the arterial PO2?
$PO_2=30$ mmHg
Given that proteins have a VCO2/VO2 ratio of 0.8, what does this indicate about their metabolic utilization compared to fats?
Proteins consume more oxygen than fats but produce less CO2.
Respiratory exchange ratio or respiratory quotient (R.Q.) is used to determine the metabolic utilization of different types of food. If a mixed diet is consumed, what would be the expected R.Q. based on the provided information?
$R.Q.=0.8$
Bronchial circulation and cardiac veins empty venous blood into both left and right portions of the heart, leading to venous admixture. What impact does this venous admixture have on the systemic arterial PO2?
Decrease in systemic arterial PO2 due to dilution by venous blood.
What factor does the Resistance in gas transport depend on?
Permeability
In the equation for calculating permeability (K) in gas diffusion, what does 'dx' represent?
Thickness
What does the Molecular Weight factor influence in gas diffusion?
Permeability
What is the significance of using a Diffusion Coefficient in gas diffusion calculations?
Accounts for solubility
If the solubility of O2 is taken as a reference value of 1, what would be the expected solubility of CO?
Equal to 1.5
How does the DLCO value help calculate DLO2 in gas diffusion?
DLCO divided by 0.8 equals DLO2
What happens to DLCO2 during exercising?
Increases due to more efficient lung function
How does CO poisoning impact oxygen saturation in the blood?
Decreases oxygen saturation levels
What is the main problem with a patient experiencing CO poisoning?
Neurons reading normal ABG for O2
How does having 7.5g/dl of hemoglobin in blood affect oxygen concentration?
Decreases oxygen concentration
What happens to DLO2 during exercise according to the text?
Increases by 3 times
How does CO behave as a competitive inhibitor of O2 based on the information provided?
Binds 250 times tighter than O2
What happens to the PO2 in the interstitial when a muscle is normal but with higher metabolism?
It decreases
How does CO poisoning impact the diffusion capacity of oxygen in the lungs?
Reduces the diffusion capacity
What effect does exercise have on the PO2 in the lungs according to the text?
No change in PO2
How does venous admixture due to bronchial circulation and cardiac veins impact the systemic arterial PO2?
Decreases arterial PO2
In what scenario would diffusion be limited according to the text?
With high membrane thickness in the lung
What happens to the extraction ratio of oxygen in a patient if oxygen distribution changes to only 5 ml going with the veins instead of the normal amount?
Increases
If the arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg and a patient's oxygen consumption decreases to 200 ml/min, what will be the new arterial PO2?
PO2=80 mmHG
What effect would removing half of the red cells have on the arterial PO2 if the initial PO2 is 100 mmHg and content is 20ml O2/dl?
PO2=60 mmHG
In a situation where the systemic arterial PO2 is 100 mmHg and the heart pumps 60 dl of blood per minute, what effect would this increased blood flow have on the arterial PO2?
PO2 remains at 100 mmHG
If a patient has a hematocrit of 40% and an arterial PO2 of 100 mmHg, what will be the new arterial PO2 if blood is added to decrease the hematocrit to 30%?
PO2=90 mmHG
When only proteins are metabolized for energy, what would be the expected VCO2/VO2 ratio based on the provided information regarding metabolic utilization ratios?
0.8
How does CO poisoning affect oxygen saturation in the blood based on the text provided?
Decreases oxygen saturation
Test your knowledge on the equations related to the transport of gases in biological systems. Learn about resistance, permeability, diffusion of O2, and how to calculate permeability using the given equation. This quiz covers important concepts in gas exchange.
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