Gas Exchange and Transport in Plants and Animals
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of stomata in leaves?

  • To regulate water loss
  • To absorb nutrients from the soil
  • To protect the plant from pathogens
  • To facilitate gas exchange (correct)

What is the term for the process by which oxygen is supplied to plant cells?

  • Diffusion (correct)
  • Photosynthesis
  • Osmosis
  • Respiration

What is the region between the upper and lower epidermal layers of a leaf called?

  • Parenchyma
  • Cuticle
  • Mesophyll (correct)
  • Epidermis

What type of cells make up the majority of the mesophyll?

<p>Parenchyma cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of guard cells in plant leaves?

<p>To regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange occur in plants?

<p>In leaves, roots, and stems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the lesson?

<p>To compare and contrast gas exchange and transport/circulation in plants and animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to living organisms if air cannot enter the body?

<p>The body will not be able to obtain energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when organisms require oxygen for metabolism?

<p>Respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the learning competency for this lesson?

<p>To compare and contrast different biological processes in plants and animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pre-activity breathing exercise?

<p>To help learners understand the process of respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for living organisms to obtain energy?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

<p>To support life by feeding cells with food and oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the general body fluid in an open circulatory system?

<p>Hemolymph (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many main parts are there in the circulatory system?

<p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart approximately the size of?

<p>A fist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the heart in the human body?

<p>In the chest cavity, between the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymphatic division of the circulatory system?

<p>To return tissue to the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of CO2 and oxygen around the cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of root hairs in plant respiration?

<p>To facilitate the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of gas exchange with the outside air in a leaf?

<p>Stomata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lenticels in the stem of a plant?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of respiratory gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of parenchyma cells in the palisade mesophyll?

<p>Elongated and parallel to the leaf surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of oxygen for plant roots?

<p>The air present in the soil particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for organisms?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of root hairs in plant roots?

<p>To absorb water and minerals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissues form a continuous network of channels connecting roots to the leaves through the stem?

<p>Xylem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which plants release a lot of water through evaporation from the leaves?

<p>Transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of water evaporation from leaves in tall trees?

<p>A suction pull that pulls water to great heights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vascular tissues in plants?

<p>To transport water and nutrients from the soil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Diffusion in plants

The process by which oxygen is supplied to plant cells.

Stomata

The small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange.

Mesophyll

The layer of tissue between the upper and lower epidermis in a leaf, containing cells for photosynthesis.

Parenchyma cells

The cells that make up the majority of the mesophyll layer.

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Guard cells

Cells that control the opening and closing of stomatal pores.

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Respiration

The process by which living organisms use oxygen to break down food for energy.

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Circulatory system

The system that circulates blood throughout the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients.

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Hemolymph

The fluid that circulates in an open circulatory system.

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Transpiration

The process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves.

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Vascular tissues

The tissues in plants that transport water and nutrients.

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Heart

The main organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

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Lymphatic division

The part of the circulatory system that returns tissue fluid to the blood.

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Air spaces

The spaces in the spongy mesophyll that allow for gas exchange.

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Root hairs

The tiny hair-like structures on plant roots that help absorb water and minerals.

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Stomata (in leaves)

The primary location of gas exchange with the outside air in a leaf.

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Lenticels

The small openings on the stems of plants that allow for gas exchange.

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Palisade cells

The elongated cells in the palisade mesophyll that are arranged parallel to the leaf surface.

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Soil air

The primary source of oxygen for plant roots.

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Glucose

The main source of energy for all living organisms.

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Xylem

The tiny tubes in the vascular tissues of plants that transport water and minerals upwards.

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Transpiration pull

The suction force that pulls water up through tall trees.

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Cellular respiration

The process by which organisms obtain energy from food.

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Open circulatory system

The type of circulatory system where blood flows freely in the body cavity.

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Closed circulatory system

The type of circulatory system where blood is always contained within vessels.

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Transport of essential substances

The primary function of the circulatory system.

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Gas exchange

The exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between an organism and its environment.

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Adaptation

The ability of an organism to survive and thrive in its environment.

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Study Notes

Plant Gas Exchange

  • Plants do not have specialized organs for gas exchange like animals do.
  • Each part of the plant takes care of its own gas exchange needs.
  • Diffusion is the only process that supplies oxygen to all plant cells.
  • Diffusion occurs in leaves, roots, and stems.

Leaf Structure

  • Leaves have stomata (singular: stoma) that allow gas exchange between the surrounding air and photosynthetic cells inside the leaf.
  • Stomata regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and are the major avenues for water evaporation.
  • A stoma refers to the stomatal pore flanked by two guard cells, which regulate the opening and closing of the pore.

Mesophyll

  • The mesophyll is a region between the upper and lower epidermal layers of a leaf.
  • Mesophyll consists mainly of parenchyma cells specialized for photosynthesis.

Root Gas Exchange

  • Plant roots take oxygen from the air present in between soil particles.
  • Root hair is in direct contact with the soil and oxygen diffuses into it, reaching all other cells of the roots.
  • Carbon dioxide is diffused into the roots and expelled through the root hairs.

Stem Gas Exchange

  • Lenticels in the stem allow gaseous exchange of respiratory gases between air and living cells of the woody stem.
  • Lenticels are small areas of the bark with loosely placed cells.

Plant Circulatory System

  • Plant roots absorb water and minerals through root hairs.
  • Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) transport water and nutrients from the soil to the entire plant.
  • Xylem transports water and nutrients to the entire plant, while phloem transports sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Transpiration

  • Plants release a lot of water through transpiration.
  • Water evaporates through stomata on the surface of the leaves, generating a suction pull that pulls water to great heights in tall trees.

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Description

Test your knowledge of gas exchange and transport in plants and animals, including the structures and functions of the respiratory and circulatory systems. Compare and contrast these processes in both kingdoms and recognize their importance.

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