Transport Layer & TCP Overview
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Transport Layer & TCP Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which parameter of Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the time taken for a message to travel from source to destination?

  • Jitter
  • Throughput
  • Bandwidth
  • Delay (Latency) (correct)

    • Which service is provided by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

  • Unreliable Datagrams
  • Best Effort Delivery
  • Connection-Oriented Service (correct)
  • Direct Memory Access

    • What operation does the TRANSPORT SERVICE primitive 'LISTEN' perform?

  • Waits for data to be sent
  • Establishes a connection with a remote host
  • Terminates the current connection
  • Waits for a connection from a remote host (correct)

    • What type of communication does Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) primarily support?

    <p>Full-duplex Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In socket programming, which type of socket provides reliable, connection-oriented data transfer?

    <p>Stream Socket (TCP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a service provided by TCP?

    <p>Multi-homing Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum value of a port number in the transport layer?

    <p>65535</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which QoS parameter indicates variations in packet arrival times?

    <p>Jitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key advantages of SCTP over TCP?

    <p>Support for Multimedia Streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of establishing a virtual connection using TCP, which phase follows the establishment of the connection?

    <p>Data Exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport service primitive is responsible for sending data to an established connection?

    <p>SEND</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service is NOT associated with SCTP?

    <p>Flow Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of socket defined in socket programming?

    <p>Connection Socket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the IANA do in relation to port numbers?

    <p>Divides ports into three ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of TCP in comparison to UDP?

    <p>Stream Delivery Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does 'flow control' play in TCP protocols?

    <p>Managing Data Rate and Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the primary service provided by UDP?

    <p>Connectionless services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation does UDP have compared to TCP?

    <p>It can deliver messages out of order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of UDP?

    <p>It is connection-oriented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the checksum in a UDP datagram?

    <p>To detect errors in the datagram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique does TCP use to ensure reliable data transport?

    <p>Flow control using a sliding window protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the correct statement regarding QoS in transport protocols.

    <p>UDP provides noQoS mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does TCP handle congestion without losing messages?

    <p>Through slow-start and multiplicative decrease algorithms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding socket programming in relation to UDP and TCP?

    <p>TCP sockets require establishing a connection before data transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transport Layer & TCP

    • TCP provides reliable, full-duplex, stream delivery between processes on different machines
    • TCP uses IP to transport messages and ensures reliability via connection-oriented services, flow control using sliding window protocol, error detection by checksum and error control using go-back-NARQ
    • TCP supports multiple applications simultaneously using port numbers

    TCP Datagram Format

    • Contains source and destination ports, sequence number, acknowledgement number, checksum, and data

    TCP Addresses

    • Three types of addresses used in TCP/IP:
      • Physical Address: Unique identifier for a network interface card (MAC address)
      • Logical Address: Unique identifier for host on a network (IP address)
      • Port Address: Unique identifier for a process on a host

    TCP Well-Known Ports

    • Defined by IANA
    • Used for specific services like:
      • HTTP: 80
      • HTTPS: 443
      • FTP: 21
      • SMTP: 25

    TCP Services

    • Processes-to-process communication
    • Stream delivery service
    • Connection-oriented service
    • Flow control
    • Error control
    • Congestion control

    SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)

    • SCTP is a general-purpose transport layer protocol designed for multimedia and stream traffic
    • Provides services similar to TCP with additional features for new applications including IUA, M2UA, M3UA, H.248, H.323, and SIP

    SCTP Services

    • Process-to-process communication
    • Connection-oriented service
    • Full-duplex communication
    • Multi-homing service (ability to have multiple network interfaces for a single host)

    Transport Layer: UDP

    • User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides connectionless delivery service using IP
    • UDP messages can be lost, duplicated, delayed, and out of order
    • UDP is a thin protocol with limited overhead
    • It cannot provide reliable stream transport service

    UDP Datagram Format

    • Contains source and destination ports, length, checksum, and data

    UDP Well-Known Ports

    • Defined by IANA
    • Used for specific services like:
      • DNS: 53
      • DHCP: 67 and 68
      • TFTP: 69

    UDP Services

    • Process-to-process communication
    • Connectionless services
    • Flow control
    • Error control
    • Congestion control
    • UDP offers limited error control with only the checksum for detecting errors

    UDP Characteristics

    • Provides unreliable connectionless delivery service using IP
    • UDP messages can be lost, duplicated, delayed, and delivered out of order
    • UDP is a thin protocol with few features added over IP
    • It cannot provide reliable stream transport service

    Transport Layer & QoS (Quality of Service)

    • QoS refers to performance characteristics that influence transport layer's ability to deliver data
    • Important QoS parameters include:
      • Throughput
      • Delay
      • Jitter
      • Reliability
      • Bandwidth

    Transport Layer & Transport Service Primitives

    • These are operations that define communication initiation, maintenance, and termination
    • Key primitives include:
      • LISTEN: Waits for a connection
      • CONNECT: Requests a connection
      • SEND: Sends data
      • RECEIVE: Receives data
      • DISCONNECT: Ends the connection

    Transport Layer & Socket Programming

    • Sockets are communication endpoints used in transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP.
    • They're defined by IP address and port number
    • Socket programming facilitates communication between different machines over a network
    • Socket programming supports two main types of communication:
      • Stream Sockets (TCP): connection-oriented, reliable data transfer
      • Datagram Sockets (UDP): connectionless, unreliable data transfer

    Port Numbers

    • A 16-bit port number ranges from 0 to 65,535
    • Three types of ports defined by IANA:
      • Well-Known Ports: Used by known services (e.g., HTTP, FTP)
      • Registered Ports: Used by specific applications but not standard services
      • Dynamic Ports: Used by applications for communication (typically ephemeral)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of the Transport Layer and TCP, including reliable communications, TCP datagram format, and the various types of addresses used in TCP/IP. Additionally, it explores well-known ports and their specific services. Test your knowledge on these critical networking principles!

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