Transport Layer Protocols Overview
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Transport Layer Protocols Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about the transport layer is true?

  • It handles encryption and decryption of data.
  • It manages how data is routed across networks.
  • It facilitates logical communication between application processes. (correct)
  • It provides physical communication between devices.

    • UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol.

    True

    What does TCP stand for?

    Transmission Control Protocol

    In the context of networking, the __________ process refers to breaking down application messages into manageable segments.

    <p>multiplexing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following transport protocols with their characteristics:

    <p>TCP = Utilizes flow control and error checking UDP = Used for streaming applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about demultiplexing is correct?

    <p>It is the process of reassembling received segments into application messages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connection management in TCP ensures that segments are sent without any order.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a socket in the context of socket programming?

    <p>An endpoint for sending or receiving data across a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes TCP?

    <p>Reliable and in-order delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of multiplexing in transport layer protocols?

    <p>To combine multiple data streams into one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    UDP provides guarantees for delay and bandwidth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of port numbers in demultiplexing?

    <p>Port numbers are used to direct incoming segments to the appropriate socket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TCP is known for its _______ control mechanisms.

    <p>congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the transport layer protocol with its feature:

    <p>TCP = Connection-oriented UDP = Unreliable and unordered delivery Both = Support for multiplexing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a host receives a UDP segment, what does it check first?

    <p>Destination port number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connection management in TCP requires a three-way handshake.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'best-effort IP' refer to?

    <p>It refers to Internet Protocol's approach of delivering packets without guarantees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In socket programming, a server binds to a _______ to listen for incoming requests.

    <p>port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following explains connectionless demultiplexing in UDP?

    <p>It uses destination IP and port numbers for routing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiplexing at the sender involves adding a transport header to distinguish between multiple data streams.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary difference between TCP and UDP?

    <p>TCP is connection-oriented while UDP is connectionless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sockets used for UDP programming are created with the _______ protocol.

    <p>SOCKET_DGRAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What uniquely identifies a TCP socket?

    <p>Source IP address, source port number, destination IP address, and destination port number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-persistent HTTP uses the same socket for multiple requests.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two applications that utilize UDP.

    <p>Streaming multimedia and DNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TCP is considered a __________ service.

    <p>connection-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following transport protocols with their characteristics:

    <p>TCP = Connection-oriented, reliable UDP = Connectionless, best-effort HTTP = Application layer protocol DNS = Name resolution service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does UDP differ from TCP?

    <p>UDP does not perform handshaking before data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each TCP socket can be identified using a unique combination of the 4-tuple.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is demultiplexing in the context of TCP?

    <p>The process of directing incoming TCP segments to the appropriate sockets based on their 4-tuple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ server can handle multiple client requests simultaneously by using multiple sockets.

    <p>threaded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following services is considered loss-tolerant?

    <p>Streaming video</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a client-server model, a single server can support many simultaneous TCP sockets.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym 'SNMP' stand for?

    <p>Simple Network Management Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    UDP does not guarantee __________ delivery of packets.

    <p>reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following usage scenarios with the appropriate transport protocol:

    <p>TCP = File transfers UDP = Online gaming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol typically handles the majority of web traffic?

    <p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transport Layer Protocols

    • The internet transport layer provides logical communication between application processes running on different hosts.
    • Applications rely on the transport layer to break messages into segments, pass to the network layer and reassemble segments into messages and pass to the application layer
    • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a reliable, in-order delivery protocol focused on reliable data delivery with features like congestion control, flow control, and connection setup.
    • UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an unreliable, unordered delivery protocol that provides a "best-effort" service.
    • The transport layer does not offer service guarantees like delay and bandwidth guarantees.

    Multiplexing/Demultiplexing

    • Multiplexing at the sender handles data from multiple application sockets, adding a transport header, later used for demultiplexing.
    • Demultiplexing at the receiver utilizes the header information to deliver received segments to the correct socket.

    How Demultiplexing Works

    • Each IP datagram contains source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number, and other header fields.
    • The host uses IP addresses and port numbers to direct segments to the appropriate socket.

    Connectionless Demultiplexing (UDP)

    • When creating a datagram to send into a UDP socket, you must specify the destination IP address and destination port number.
    • When a host receives a UDP segment, it checks the destination port number within the segment and directs the UDP segment to the socket with that port number.
    • All UDP segments with the same destination IP address and destination port number will be directed to the same destination process via the same destination socket.

    Connection-Oriented Demultiplexing (TCP)

    • A TCP socket is identified by a 4-tuple: source IP address, source port number, destination IP address, and destination port number.
    • The receiver uses all four values to direct the segment to the appropriate socket.
    • Web servers can have different sockets for each connecting client. For example, a non-persistent HTTP session will have a different socket for each request.

    UDP: User Datagram Protocol

    • UDP is a connectionless protocol, meaning there is no handshaking between the sender and receiver.
    • UDP segments may be lost, delivered out-of-order, or arrive at the application.
    • UDP is used for streaming multimedia apps, DNS, and SNMP.
    • Application-specific error recovery can be added at the application layer for reliable transfer over UDP.

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    Week 05 Lecture - Network Fundamentals PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential concepts of transport layer protocols, including TCP and UDP, highlighting their roles in communication between application processes. Additionally, it discusses multiplexing and demultiplexing techniques, focusing on how data is managed and delivered. Test your understanding of these foundational networking principles!

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