Transport Layer: TCP and UDP Protocols

What is the main purpose of TCP?

To provide reliability and flow control (correct)
To provide basic functions for delivering datagrams between applications
To sequence data that might arrive in wrong order
To establish a connection between sender and receiver

Which protocol is known as a connection-oriented protocol?

TCP (correct)
IP
UDP
HTTP

What happens if there is no acknowledgment of received data in TCP?

The receiver requests the data again
The data is retransmitted (correct)
The connection is closed
The sender waits for a certain amount of time

What is the key difference between TCP and UDP?

TCP is connection-oriented, UDP is connectionless (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of UDP?

To deliver datagrams between applications with minimal overhead and data checking (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is UDP known as a stateless protocol?

Because it does not track information sent or received between the client and server (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of UDP that makes it a best-effort delivery protocol?

It does not provide acknowledgment that data is received at the destination (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of TCP's sequencing function?

To sequence data that might arrive in wrong order (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP in terms of data arrival?

UDP does not guarantee data arrival, while TCP guarantees data arrival in the correct sequence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of TCP that ensures reliable data delivery?

It retransmits lost or corrupted segments (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of TCP's flow control mechanism?

It prevents network hosts from being overwhelmed with data (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TCP's session establishment?

To negotiate and establish a permanent connection between devices (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of applications typically use UDP as the transport protocol?

Request-and-reply applications with minimal data (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of TCP as a stateful protocol?

It keeps track of the state of the communication session (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is TCP used in applications where data must be processed in its proper sequence?

Because it ensures data arrival in the correct sequence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of networks providing multiple routes for data transmission?

Data can arrive in the wrong order (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of port numbers that are known as ephemeral ports?

49152 to 65535 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol uses port 25?

SMTP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the netstat command?

To verify and diagnose network connections (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of port numbers that are registered by Cisco for its RADIUS server authentication process?

1812 only (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which port number is used for secure communication over the internet?

443 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the DHCP server?

To assign IP addresses dynamically (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ACK sent by the server in Step 2?

To acknowledge the receipt of the FIN from the client (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of port numbers that are well-known port numbers?

0 to 1023 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol uses port 67?

DHCP Server (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FIN packet sent by the server in Step 3?

To terminate the server-to-client session (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the Three-Way Handshake?

To verify the destination device's presence on the network (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the sessions and connection after the communication is completed?

They are closed, and the connection is terminated (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the TCP Three-Way Handshake?

To verify the destination device's presence and willingness to communicate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ACK sent by the client in Step 4?

To acknowledge the receipt of the FIN from the server (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of the connections in the netstat output?

ESTABLISHED (D) Signup and view all the answers

What enables the TCP reliability function?

The connection and session mechanisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is verified during the Three-Way Handshake process?

The destination device's presence and active service on a specific port (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a port number in TCP communication?

To identify the application process running on the server (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a server application is assigned to a specific port?

The transport layer accepts and processes segments addressed to that port (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FIN flag in the TCP communication process?

To terminate a TCP connection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step in the TCP connection establishment process?

The server acknowledges the client-to-server communication session and requests a server-to-client communication session (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the TCP connection termination process?

The client sends a segment with the FIN flag set (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about port numbers in TCP communication?

An individual server cannot have two services assigned to the same port number (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the acknowledgement in the TCP connection establishment process?

To acknowledge the server-to-client communication session (C) Signup and view all the answers