Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the transport layer known for?
What is the transport layer known for?
End-to-end layer
Which of the following are functions of the transport layer? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are functions of the transport layer? (Select all that apply)
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.
True
The unit of data encapsulation at the transport layer is called a ______.
The unit of data encapsulation at the transport layer is called a ______.
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What does MSS stand for in TCP connection establishment?
What does MSS stand for in TCP connection establishment?
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What is the first step a sender takes to establish a TCP connection?
What is the first step a sender takes to establish a TCP connection?
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What is the purpose of the SYN flag in TCP?
What is the purpose of the SYN flag in TCP?
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Which of the following processes are part of TCP's connection establishment? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following processes are part of TCP's connection establishment? (Select all that apply)
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How many packets are exchanged in the TCP connection establishment?
How many packets are exchanged in the TCP connection establishment?
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Study Notes
Transport Layer Protocols
- The transport layer is the fourth layer in the OSI model and the second layer in the TCP/IP model.
- It provides end-to-end connection and reliable delivery of services between source and destination.
- It's known as the end-to-end layer.
- The transport layer takes services from the application layer and provides them to the network layer.
- A segment is the unit of data encapsulation.
- Key transport layer protocols include TCP and UDP.
Functions of Transport Layer
- Process-to-process delivery
- End-to-end connection between devices
- Multiplexing and demultiplexing
- Data integrity and error correction
- Congestion control
- Flow control
Characteristics of Transport Layer Protocol
- The transport layer has two key protocols: TCP and UDP
- A datagram (sent from IP at the network layer) travels from a source host to a destination host.
- An operating system can support multiple users and processes, referred to as processes.
- A source process transmits a message to a destination process.
- Protocol ports are defined by transport layer protocols.
- Each port is identified by a 16-bit positive integer.
TCP Connection Establishment
- TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.
- A connection is established to reserve resources at communicating ends.
- Sender initiates with a sequence number, SYN flag, maximum segment size (MSS), and window size.
- Receiver responds with its sequence number, SYN flag, MSS, and window size.
- Sender sends a final acknowledgement (with ACK flag).
TCP Connection Termination
- TCP supports graceful and abrupt connection release.
- Graceful release: Connection remains open until both parties close.
- Abrupt release: One entity forces the close.
- RST segment can be used for various reasons.
- Remote host unavailability is a potential cause for RST segment.
TCP Segment (TCP Header Format)
- TCP segment's header can have 20 to 60 bytes.
- Default header size is 20 bytes.
- Header components include: Source port, destination port, sequence number, acknowledgments, etc.
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Description
Explore the key functions and characteristics of transport layer protocols, including TCP and UDP. This quiz will assess your understanding of process-to-process delivery, end-to-end connections, and data integrity. Test your knowledge on the essential services provided by the transport layer in network communication.
