Transport Layer Overview & Protocols

The goal of the Transport Layer is to provide a reliable and efficient way for applications running on different hosts to communicate with each other.

Connectionless transport involves sending data segments without establishing a connection beforehand, while connection-oriented transport requires a connection setup process where both ends agree on communication parameters before data transfer.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source Port # = Identifies the specific application on the sending host Destination Port # = Identifies the specific application on the receiving host Sequence Number = Indicates the byte stream number of the first byte in the segment's data Acknowledgement Number = Indicates the byte stream number of the next byte expected from the other end Receive Window = Indicates the number of bytes the receiver is willing to accept Checksum = Used to check for errors in the segment's data Options Field = Provides additional information for connection management and congestion control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP Slow Start gradually increases the sending rate of data in the beginning of a connection to avoid overwhelming networks and minimize the risk of congestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP Reno uses a multiplicative decrease to half the congestion window when packet loss is detected by triple duplicate ACKs, while TCP Tahoe uses a multiplicative decrease to one maximum segment size (MSS) when loss is detected by a timeout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP CUBIC employs a faster initial ramp-up phase, increasing the congestion window based on the cube of the time difference to reach the target transmission rate, followed by a slower increase as it gets closer to the target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bottleneck link is the most restrictive point in the network path, impacting the entire data flow. Understanding the bottleneck helps to identify the root cause of congestion and tailor congestion control mechanisms to optimize network performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimizing the utilization of network resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ECN is a network-assisted congestion control mechanism that enables routers to inform TCP senders about potential congestion in the network without relying on packet loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fairness goal in TCP congestion control aims to distribute network resources as much as possible to minimize bottlenecks and provide similar throughput to multiple active connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multimedia applications may choose UDP over TCP because it prioritizes minimizing latency and avoiding data loss, which are critical factors for real-time multimedia streaming. TCP's congestion control and reliability mechanisms can introduce delays that are undesirable for real-time applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>QUIC was developed to address performance limitations encountered with traditional TCP-based HTTP/2 communication, particularly in high-latency and packet-loss prone environments like wireless networks. QUIC aims to improve performance, reduce latency and offer a more efficient data transfer mechanism in these contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers