18 Questions
What does the transport layer do to prepare applications before data transmission?
Establish a session between the applications
Which transport layer protocol is connection-oriented and ensures reliable data delivery?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Which operation is NOT a part of reliability at the transport layer?
Multiplexing data streams
What is guaranteed delivery known as in the context of networking?
Reliable delivery
Which transport layer protocol is connectionless and suitable for applications sensitive to delays?
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
What role does the transport layer play in managing communication between applications?
Ensuring reliable data delivery
What is the purpose of assigning a unique port number to each software process that needs to access the network?
To distinguish between different software processes on the same host
In the context of the text, what is a 'conversation' at the transport layer?
A set of pieces flowing between a source application and a destination application
What role does flow control play at the transport layer?
To regulate the amount of data transmitted based on network conditions
Why is error recovery important in data transmission over a network?
To ensure that all data pieces reach their destination
How does dividing data into small parts benefit communication on a network?
It enables multiple communications to be interleaved on the same network
What does the transport layer do when it recognizes network resources are overtaxed?
Regulates the amount of data transmitted by the source device
What is the purpose of assigning a port number to an application at the transport layer?
Identifying the target application
How does the transport layer ensure that data segments are reassembled in the correct order?
By numbering and sequencing the segments
What is one of the roles of the transport layer in managing data streams passed to applications?
Multiplexing data streams
Which function is NOT typically associated with the transport layer in TCP/IP protocols?
Initiating network sessions
What is the main purpose of performing flow control at the transport layer?
Regulating the flow of data between end users
Why does the transport layer assign an identifier (port number) to an application?
To identify the target application
Study Notes
Transport Layer Roles
- The transport layer provides connection orientation by creating a session between applications, preparing them to communicate with each other before data transmission.
- Within these sessions, data for communication between two applications can be closely managed.
Handling Diverse Data Requirements
- Transport layer protocols handle diverse data requirements using UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
- UDP is a connectionless protocol, providing basic functions for efficiently delivering data pieces between applications, useful for applications sensitive to delays.
- TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, describing processes that provide additional features, such as ensuring reliable delivery between applications.
Supporting Reliable Communication
- The three basic operations of reliability at the transport layer are tracking transmitted data, acknowledging received data, and retransmitting unacknowledged data.
- Protocols specify methods for either reliable, guaranteed delivery or best-effort delivery, also referred to as unreliable delivery.
- Each software process is assigned a unique port number, used in the transport layer header to indicate which application the data is associated with.
Identifying Applications
- A conversation refers to a particular set of pieces flowing between a source application and a destination application.
- Dividing data into small parts enables many different communications to be interleaved (conversation multiplexing) on the same network.
Flow Control
- Flow control prevents the loss of segments on the network and avoids the need for retransmission.
- The transport layer regulates the amount of data transmitted as a group when network resources, such as memory or bandwidth, are overtaxed.
Error Recovery
- The transport layer ensures that all pieces reach their destination by having the source device retransmit any lost data.
- Each software process is assigned a unique port number, indicating which application the data is associated with.
Additional Roles
- The transport layer performs flow control between end users, enables error recovery, and initiates a session.
- Transport layer protocols track individual conversations, segment data, and reassemble segments into the correct order.
- The transport layer header information is used to reassemble data pieces into in-order data streams to be passed to the application layer.
- The transport layer identifies the target application by assigning an identifier, such as a port number, to pass data streams to the proper applications.
Test your knowledge on the functions of the transport layer in computer networking. Identify the role of transport layer in assigning unique port numbers, performing flow control, enabling error recovery, and initiating sessions.
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