Questions and Answers
Which layer of the OSI model does the application layer sit on top of?
Transport
What type of data transfer is used by UDP?
Unreliable, unordered
What type of issue must be taken into account when designing a system that uses UDP?
Network congestion
Study Notes
- The application layer is an abstraction layer that sits on top of the transport layer.
- Application layer protocols use the underlying transport layer protocols to establish host-to-host connections.
- For example, World-Wide-Web servers operate on port 80, and email relay servers usually listen on port 25.
- TCP is used for reliable, ordered data transfers, while UDP is used for less reliable, unordered data transfers.
- UDP lacks built-in network congestion avoidance, and so must be carefully designed to prevent network collapse.
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