MIcrobiology of Lower Lung Infection BMS
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic color does Streptococcus Pneumoniae alpha-hemolytic group produce on blood agar?

  • Greenish (correct)
  • Yellowish
  • Brownish
  • Reddish

    • Which term best describes the genus to which Streptococcus Pneumoniae belongs?

  • Streptococcus (correct)
  • Cocci
  • Gram-positive
  • Bacteria

    • What role do key antigens play in pneumococcal pathogenesis and virulence?

  • Increase bacterial replication
  • Enhance phagocytosis
  • Reduce capsule thickness
  • Promote immune evasion (correct)

    • What does the term 'Streptococcus' mean in Greek origin?

    <p>Twisted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Streptococcus Pneumoniae appear when growing on blood agar?

    <p>Pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes staphylococci from streptococci based on morphology?

    <p>Staphylococci appear in grapelike clusters, while streptococci are in chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is known for producing catalase as a virulence factor?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are staphylococci and streptococci differentiated biochemically?

    <p>By their production of catalase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main morphological difference between staphylococci and streptococci?

    <p>Arrangement in chains vs. grapelike clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is known for being nonmotile and not forming spores?

    <p>S. Pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural feature that contributes to Klebsiella Pneumoniae's ability to cause necrotizing lobar pneumonia in compromised individuals?

    <p>Capsule for protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial strain is known to cause UTIs and bacteremia in hospitalized patients?

    <p>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common term for Legionella's atypical acute lobar pneumonia with multisystem symptoms?

    <p>Legionnaires disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacterial strains is NOT classified as a typical cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

    <p>Legionella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of host defense mechanisms, which aspect of immunity constitutes the first line of defense against pathogens?

    <p>Physical and chemical barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serum protein reacts with the C-substance of S. pneumoniae?

    <p>C-reactive protein (CRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Pneumolysin in S. pneumoniae pathogenesis?

    <p>Causes red blood cell destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does IgA protease contribute to S. pneumoniae pathogenicity?

    <p>Cleaves IgA to enhance colonization of mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During S. pneumoniae infection, what leads to the consolidation of the lung?

    <p>Outpouring of fluid and blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein is C-reactive protein (CRP) classified as?

    <p>β-globulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What predisposing factor is most likely to lead to disease caused by pneumococci?

    <p>Alcohol or drug intoxication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a predisposing factor for pneumococcal disease?

    <p>Healthy young age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species is a normal component of the upper respiratory tract flora?

    <p>Haemophilus influenzae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in 2.4 million cases and 160,000 deaths each year?

    <p>Bordetella pertussis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue or organ is typically affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections following trauma?

    <p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of capsules in S. pneumoniae pathogenesis?

    <p>Prevent phagocytosis by immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes C-reactive protein (CRP) in pneumococcal infections?

    <p>A marker for inflammation and infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virulence factor plays a key role in S. pneumoniae infections by inhibiting phagocytosis?

    <p>Pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antigens of S. pneumoniae contribute to its virulence?

    <p>They help the bacteria evade host defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do exotoxins play in S. pneumoniae pathogenesis?

    <p>Cause direct damage to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis?

    <p>S. viridans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis?

    <p>S. agalactiae (group B Streptococcus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is not caused by S. pyogenes?

    <p>Otitis media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

    <p>S. pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pneumococcal infections, which structure helps the bacteria evade phagocytosis?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is part of the normal flora of the human pharynx?

    <p>S. viridans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus induces local tissue inflammation at the site of infection?

    <p>S. pyogenes (group A Streptococcus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus causes immunologic diseases such as rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis?

    <p>S. pyogenes (group A Streptococcus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of pharyngitis among the given organisms?

    <p>S. pyogenes (group A Streptococcus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus causes scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome?

    <p>S. pyogenes (group A Streptococcus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis?

    <p>S. viridans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus species is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis?

    <p>S. agalactiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation of Streptococcal infections known as pyogenic diseases?

    <p>Local tissue inflammation at the site of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus species is associated with diseases involving widespread systemic symptoms in areas without localized organisms?

    <p>S. pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main pathogenic mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus that leads to disseminated diseases?

    <p>Production of exotoxins and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus degrades many penicillins, leading to resistance against them?

    <p>β-lactamase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of colonization for Staphylococcus aureus according to the provided text?

    <p>Nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the classification of Streptococci, which group does Streptococcus pneumoniae belong to?

    <p>Alpha-hemolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Pneumolysin play in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections?

    <p>Induction of tissue inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disseminated disease is commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections?

    <p>Osteomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Streptococci is known to cause the most frequent bacterial cause of pharyngitis?

    <p>Group A streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic hemolysis observed in α-hemolytic streptococci on blood agar plates?

    <p>Green zone around colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which streptococci group is commonly found in the oropharynx?

    <p>Group S streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits the growth of Group A streptococci (S.pyogenes) on agar plates in the laboratory?

    <p>Bacitracin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus is primarily found in the vagina and colon?

    <p>S. agalactiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Enterotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Causes food poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pyogenic lesion is commonly associated with localized production of exfoliatin by Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Impetigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus species causes scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome?

    <p>S. pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common site for colonization by S. aureus among hospital personnel and patients?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disseminated disease is NOT caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic morphology of Staphylococcus aureus when observed microscopically?

    <p>Cocci in irregular grapelike clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme, produced by Staphylococcus aureus, degrades hydrogen peroxide?

    <p>Catalase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical lesion caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections?

    <p>Bullous impetigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are staphylococci and streptococci differentiated biochemically in terms of catalase production?

    <p>Staphylococci produce catalase, streptococci do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases can be caused by disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infections?

    <p>Scalded skin syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus can cause toxic shock syndrome by stimulating T-cell proliferation and massive cytokine release?

    <p>Enterotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical lesion caused by Staphylococcus aureus that involves the separation of the epidermal layer at the stratum granulosum, leading to the formation of blisters?

    <p>Scalded skin syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of Streptococci is known for causing dental caries and endocarditis, and is commonly found in the oral cavity?

    <p>Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Staphylococcus aureus evade the host immune system by forming a protective barrier against phagocytosis?

    <p>Forming capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disseminated disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus is characterized by the formation of abscesses in various organs such as lungs, liver, and brain?

    <p>Sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus is known to combine with host cell membranes, forming pores that disrupt cellular functions?

    <p>Alpha toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical lesion caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is characterized by necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and is associated with diabetes?

    <p>Necrotizing fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of Streptococci describes the group that includes Streptococcus pneumoniae, known for causing pneumonia and meningitis?

    <p>Alpha-hemolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), produced by Staphylococcus aureus, contributes to pathogenesis?

    <p>Forming pores in leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases results from disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection involving the lungs, skin, and soft tissues?

    <p>Necrotizing pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What virulence factor produced by Staphylococcus aureus interferes with the host's immune response by inhibiting phagocytosis?

    <p>Coagulase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus species is commonly associated with scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Swimmer's ear' is a common infection caused by which pathogen typically found in the external ear canal?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of IgA protease in the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections?

    <p>Degrading secretory IgA antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of pneumolysin in Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenesis?

    <p>Disrupting host cell membranes and promoting inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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