Translation Techniques

• Literal translation is exemplified by "The book is on the table" translating to "El libro está sobre la mesa."
• "Break a leg" translated as "Mucha mierda" is an example of equivalence.
• Transposition is shown in the translation of "Before leaving" to "Antes de salir."
• Borrowing is represented when the English word "internet" is used in many languages without modification.
• Equivalence is used when translating "You are right" to "Tienes razón."
• "Science-fiction" translated as "ciencia-ficción" in Spanish is an example of calque.
• Modulation is used in the translation of "It is not difficult" to "Es fácil."
• The unchanged use of "pizza" across multiple languages demonstrates borrowing.
• Equivalence is exemplified by "A big mistake" translating to "Un grave error."
• "Rascacielos" for "skyscraper" is an example of calque.
• Modulation can seen in “He was born in 1990” which translates to "Nació en 1990."
• Equivalence is applied when a joke is translated to maintain humor.
• The use of the French term "boulevard" in English with the same spelling is borrowing.
• "She is a doctor" translates to "Ella es doctora" through equivalence.
• Compensation involves changing a word's position in a sentence to maintain fluency.
• "A beautiful girl" translating to "Una niña hermosa” is an example of transposition.
• Calque is the method used for translating the German phrase "Wolkenkratzer" (cloud scraper) for "skyscraper".
• Calque is used in the "Luna de miel" translating to "honeymoon".
• "He has a big house" becomes “Él tiene una casa grande” through a literal translation..
• Borrowing is represented by the word “software” in Spanish remaining “software.”
• Transposition translation is represented by "She is a teacher” and “Ella es profesora.”
• Modulation is used when translating "I give you” to “Te doy”.
• Borrowing is used when translating "Football" to "Fútbol."
• Literal translation is employed as “The house is big” translates to “La casa es grande.”
• Equivalence is used when translating, as exemplified with the English translation for "Weekend" which becomes to "Fin de semana".
• “Good morning” translates to “Buenos días” using equivalence.
• Equivalence is exemplified again as “I like swimming” translates to “Me gusta nadar”.
• Adaptation occurs when "Cricket" (British sport) is translated as “Béisbol” in some cultures.
• “It's raining cats and dogs” translating to “Está lloviendo a cántaros” is an example of equivalence.
• Transposition is utilized as evidenced where "He is happy” becomes “Él está feliz."
• Adaptation is present where to translate "High school” to "Lycée"
• Equivalence is used to translate "Ice cream" as "helado."
• Calque is used to translate "Flea market" to "Marché aux puces".
• Calque is used to translate "ATM to Cajero automatico
• Equivalence is used to translate "Nice to meet you" into ”Encantado de conocerte.
• Transposition is used to translate "Paperweight" to become "Pisapapeles"
• Adaptation is used to translate "French Fries" to Spanish to make "Papas Fritas."
• Equivalence is used when translating "Time is money" to "El tiempo es oro."
• Modulation is present in the conversion of "The world is watching" to "El mundo nos observa."
• Modulation is present once again as "I'm feeling under the weather" becomes "No me encuentro bien".

Explore several translation techniques with examples. This content demonstrates literal translation, equivalence, transposition, borrowing, calque, and modulation. Understand how each method is applied with practical illustrations.