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Young people globally consider which of the following criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
Young people globally consider which of the following criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
People from traditional cultures consider as the key transition to adulthood.
People from traditional cultures consider as the key transition to adulthood.
Which cells, produced by the thymus, fight disease in the body?
Which cells, produced by the thymus, fight disease in the body?
Which of the following is TRUE regarding physical changes during young adulthood?
Which of the following is TRUE regarding physical changes during young adulthood?
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Vital capacity is the maximum .
Vital capacity is the maximum .
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The basal metabolic rate can change during the ageing process. This can have influence on which of the following?
The basal metabolic rate can change during the ageing process. This can have influence on which of the following?
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The BMI markers used by health authorities are for overweight and for obesity.
The BMI markers used by health authorities are for overweight and for obesity.
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Which of the following is a key contributor to an individual developing obesity?
Which of the following is a key contributor to an individual developing obesity?
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Medications are becoming more widely used to manage weight loss. Which of the following is a possible side effect?
Medications are becoming more widely used to manage weight loss. Which of the following is a possible side effect?
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Based on the New Zealand Health Survey, rates of obesity in young adulthood were highest among .
Based on the New Zealand Health Survey, rates of obesity in young adulthood were highest among .
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How much exercise should a person engage with as a minimum every day to enjoy the benefits of activity?
How much exercise should a person engage with as a minimum every day to enjoy the benefits of activity?
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Beyond reducing body fat, exercise has also been shown to .
Beyond reducing body fat, exercise has also been shown to .
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Longitudinal research on Terman’s ‘Termites’ has shown that .
Longitudinal research on Terman’s ‘Termites’ has shown that .
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Longitudinal studies of children show that a high IQ .
Longitudinal studies of children show that a high IQ .
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Which of the following statements is the most accurate about Terman’s research?
Which of the following statements is the most accurate about Terman’s research?
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Sternberg found that the conceptualisation of intelligence varied between cultures. Chinese adults considered what features as comprising intelligence?
Sternberg found that the conceptualisation of intelligence varied between cultures. Chinese adults considered what features as comprising intelligence?
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Studies of intelligence in various African cultures have shown which common theme in conceptualising intelligence?
Studies of intelligence in various African cultures have shown which common theme in conceptualising intelligence?
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Which of the following is TRUE about expertise?
Which of the following is TRUE about expertise?
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Maturity of reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise.
Maturity of reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise.
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A person who is high in is able to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways.
A person who is high in is able to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways.
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Which statement about research on creativity is FALSE?
Which statement about research on creativity is FALSE?
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Which of the following, when combined with expertise, is most likely to contribute to creativity?
Which of the following, when combined with expertise, is most likely to contribute to creativity?
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Erik Erikson’s notion of intimacy is best described as .
Erik Erikson’s notion of intimacy is best described as .
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Johanna is in her early 30s and just entered a romantic relationship. Accordingly to Erikson, what is the central emotional and psychosocial issue that she might be facing?
Johanna is in her early 30s and just entered a romantic relationship. Accordingly to Erikson, what is the central emotional and psychosocial issue that she might be facing?
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Erikson thought that intimacy was not possible until individuals .
Erikson thought that intimacy was not possible until individuals .
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Your friend’s parents have been married for 25 years and have a relationship based on mutual understanding and support. You can tell that they care for each other, but the ‘romance’ seems to be gone. According to Sternberg, what type of love do you think they are experiencing at this time?
Your friend’s parents have been married for 25 years and have a relationship based on mutual understanding and support. You can tell that they care for each other, but the ‘romance’ seems to be gone. According to Sternberg, what type of love do you think they are experiencing at this time?
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Sternberg’s triangular theory of love includes three components: intimacy, passion and .
Sternberg’s triangular theory of love includes three components: intimacy, passion and .
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Research examining the importance of various traits in mate selection throughout the world found that the largest cross-cultural division was on the issue of .
Research examining the importance of various traits in mate selection throughout the world found that the largest cross-cultural division was on the issue of .
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Although there are many similarities concerning the importance of particular qualities in a partner, one that demonstrates the sharpest cross-cultural division is .
Although there are many similarities concerning the importance of particular qualities in a partner, one that demonstrates the sharpest cross-cultural division is .
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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One difference between gay male couples and heterosexual couples is that gay male couples .
One difference between gay male couples and heterosexual couples is that gay male couples .
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Which of the following factors have been shown to predict marital satisfaction?
Which of the following factors have been shown to predict marital satisfaction?
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Which of the following statements about becoming a parent is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about becoming a parent is TRUE?
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Xavier is 23 years old and has recently graduated with his bachelor’s degree in psychology. He is seeking employment and would like to find a job that leads to a promising career. Less than ideal, he applied for a position as an academic advisor at a TAFE, was offered a job and accepted the position. Which stage of Donald Super’s theory of occupational development is Xavier in?
Xavier is 23 years old and has recently graduated with his bachelor’s degree in psychology. He is seeking employment and would like to find a job that leads to a promising career. Less than ideal, he applied for a position as an academic advisor at a TAFE, was offered a job and accepted the position. Which stage of Donald Super’s theory of occupational development is Xavier in?
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If Elle is typical of most Western young adults, you would expect that she would spend her leisure time in the evening mostly on .
If Elle is typical of most Western young adults, you would expect that she would spend her leisure time in the evening mostly on .
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Marriage appears to be a very important marker of the transition to adulthood in .
Marriage appears to be a very important marker of the transition to adulthood in .
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Emerging adults in view being able to support their parents financially as a necessary criterion for adulthood.
Emerging adults in view being able to support their parents financially as a necessary criterion for adulthood.
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Which of the following changes occurs in the immune system during young adulthood?
Which of the following changes occurs in the immune system during young adulthood?
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The countries with the highest obesity rates are .
The countries with the highest obesity rates are .
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Which of the following statements about exercise is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about exercise is TRUE?
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What happened to Terman’s ‘Termites’ when they became adults?
What happened to Terman’s ‘Termites’ when they became adults?
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In both Asian and African cultures, a common theme of conceptions of intelligence is that .
In both Asian and African cultures, a common theme of conceptions of intelligence is that .
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Recent research has shown that maturity of which brain structure during young adulthood reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise?
Recent research has shown that maturity of which brain structure during young adulthood reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise?
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How is creativity measured?
How is creativity measured?
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In Erikson’s theory, the primary crisis of young adulthood is .
In Erikson’s theory, the primary crisis of young adulthood is .
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According to Sternberg, the three qualities of love are .
According to Sternberg, the three qualities of love are .
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Marital satisfaction tends to be highest at what point in marriage?
Marital satisfaction tends to be highest at what point in marriage?
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Factors related to higher likelihood of divorce include .
Factors related to higher likelihood of divorce include .
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Which of the following groups experiences the least overall happiness?
Which of the following groups experiences the least overall happiness?
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Which of the following best represents the research on
LGBTIQ
+
relationships?
Which of the following best represents the research on LGBTIQ + relationships?
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One of the findings from the most detailed study of sexual behaviour among young adults in the United States was that .
One of the findings from the most detailed study of sexual behaviour among young adults in the United States was that .
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Which of the following is TRUE regarding research on couples after the birth of the first child in developed countries?
Which of the following is TRUE regarding research on couples after the birth of the first child in developed countries?
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What are the stages of occupational development in Super’s theory?
What are the stages of occupational development in Super’s theory?
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Of the following evening leisure activities among Western adults, the most common is .
Of the following evening leisure activities among Western adults, the most common is .
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Study Notes
Transition to Adulthood
- Globally, young people view achieving financial independence, taking responsibility for themselves, and making independent decisions as markers of adulthood.
- In traditional cultures, marriage is often considered the key transition to adulthood.
Immune System
- T cells, produced in the thymus, fight disease in the body.
Young Adulthood
- Physical changes during young adulthood include peak bone mass, optimal muscle mass, and peak cardiovascular functioning.
- Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled from the lungs.
Aging
- Basal metabolic rate decreases with age, leading to potential weight gain if dietary habits remain unchanged.
- BMI markers for overweight are 25 to 29.9, and for obesity are 30 and above.
Obesity
- A lack of physical activity is a major contributor to developing obesity.
- Medications for weight loss can have side effects, such as nausea, constipation, and insomnia.
- Rates of obesity in young adulthood are highest among those with lower socioeconomic status.
Exercise
- At least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise daily is recommended for health benefits.
- Beyond reducing body fat, exercise has been shown to enhance mood, reduce stress, and improve sleep quality.
Intelligence
- Longitudinal research has shown that high IQ in childhood positively correlates with higher income and educational attainment in adulthood, but not necessarily with greater happiness.
- Terman’s “Termites” study suggested that IQ alone doesn’t predict success in life, and factors like resilience and social skills are equally important.
- Conceptualizations of intelligence vary across cultures.
- Chinese adults consider practical skills, social skills, and the ability to adapt to different situations as components of intelligence.
- Studies on intelligence in African cultures often focus on the importance of social skills, practical skills, and wisdom.
Expertise
- Maturity of the prefrontal cortex reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise.
- Individuals high in creative intelligence can combine existing ideas or materials in innovative ways.
- Research on creativity is complex and findings are mixed.
- Creativity is often fostered when expertise is combined with an environment that encourages exploration, risk-taking, and collaboration.
Intimacy
- Erik Erikson defined intimacy as the ability to form close, committed relationships with others.
- The central emotional and psychosocial challenge in early adulthood, according to Erikson, is establishing intimacy versus isolation.
- Erikson believed that a strong sense of identity is necessary before one can fully embrace intimacy.
Love
- Love can evolve over time; long-term relationships can shift from passionate love to a more companionate love, characterized by commitment and intimacy.
- Sternberg's triangular theory of love suggests three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.
- Cross-cultural research highlights a consistent emphasis on traits like kindness, intelligence, and emotional stability as desirable in partners.
- Cultural differences are most pronounced regarding the importance of physical attractiveness in mate selection.
- Gay male couples often demonstrate a higher level of emotional intimacy and communication compared to heterosexual couples.
Marital Satisfaction
- Strong communication skills, shared values, and a sense of equality are important predictors of marital satisfaction.
- Parenthood can significantly impact marital satisfaction, particularly during the early years.
Occupational Development
- Donald Super's theory of occupational development suggests that individuals progress through various stages as they mature, from exploration to establishment.
- Western young adults typically allocate most of their leisure time in the evening to social activities and entertainment.
Global Differences
- Marriage is considered a key marker of adulthood in many cultures.
- Emerging adults in developing countries often view financial independence, especially being able to support their parents, as crucial for reaching adulthood.
Health
- The immune system continues to mature in young adulthood.
- Developed countries have the highest rates of obesity, driven by lifestyle factors like sedentary behavior and diets high in processed foods.
- Regular physical activity is essential for physical and mental well-being throughout life.
Intelligence Across Lifespan
- Longitudinal studies of Terman's "Termites" demonstrated that high intellectual potential in childhood is associated with higher levels of educational attainment and income, but not necessarily with greater happiness.
- Conceptions of intelligence often emphasize social skills, practicality, and wisdom across Asian and African cultures.
Brain Development
- Research suggests the prefrontal cortex continues to mature during young adulthood, contributing to cognitive changes associated with expertise.
Creativity
- Measuring creativity presents a significant challenge for researchers.
- Creativity can encompass originality, fluency, and flexibility in thought.
Erikson's Theory
- The primary crisis of young adulthood, according to Erikson, is intimacy versus isolation.
Sternberg's Theory of Love
- The three qualities of love according to Sternberg are intimacy, passion, and commitment.
Marital Satisfaction
- Marital satisfaction generally peaks early in a relationship, often around the first few years.
- Factors like communication problems, financial difficulties, and infidelity are associated with a higher risk of divorce.
Relationships
- The group experiencing the least overall happiness is those who are single and unhappy.
- Research on LGBTIQ
relationships suggests that they are similar to heterosexual relationships in terms of relationship dynamics, challenges, and satisfactions.
Sexual Behavior
- A large-scale study on sexual behavior among young adults in the US found that most engaged in sexual activity with their current partner, with a minority reporting having sex with someone other than their partner.
Parenthood
- Couples typically experience a decline in relationship satisfaction after the birth of a child, especially during the first year.
Occupational Development Stages
- Super's theory of occupational development includes:
- Exploration: experimenting with different career paths and gaining work experience.
- Establishment: settling into a career and advancing within it.
- Maintenance: continuing in a career and aiming for stability and satisfaction.
- Decline: gradually withdrawing from the workforce.
Adult Leisure Time
- Socializing and entertainment activities are the most common leisure activities among Western adults in the evenings.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the criteria that young people worldwide identify as significant markers of adulthood. This quiz will challenge your understanding of cultural perspectives on maturity and independence. Test your knowledge on various social and psychological factors influencing this transition.
