Transition Metals Quiz
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Transition Metals Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which transition metal ion is typically colored blue in aqueous solution?

  • Cu2+ (correct)
  • Fe2+
  • Cr3+
  • Ni2+

    • What factor contributes to the formation of complexes by d-block metals?

  • High effective nuclear charge (Zeff) (correct)
  • Low melting point
  • Inability to form ions
  • Presence of d10 electrons

    • Which of the following transition metal halides does not exist due to steric crowding?

  • CuF
  • TiF2
  • MnF7 (correct)
  • CrF6

    • Which oxides correspond with a transition metal oxidation state of +7?

    <p>Mn2O7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of elements is commonly used to form brass as an alloy?

    <p>Copper and zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the atomic size of transition metals when moving from Sc to Cr?

    <p>Atomic size decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transition metal has the lowest melting point among the following?

    <p>Zn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the density of transition metals generally change from left to right across a period?

    <p>Density increases continuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metals is closest in atomic radius to Ag?

    <p>Au</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is observed for ionization energy across the transition metals from Sc to Zn?

    <p>Ionization energy increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increase in melting point in transition metals when moving down a group?

    <p>Increase in mass and effective nuclear charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of unpaired electrons affect the melting point of transition metals?

    <p>More unpaired electrons result in higher melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is observed when comparing ionization energies among transition metals?

    <p>Unusual trends can occur due to electron configuration shifts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element usually does not show variable oxidation states?

    <p>Sc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions does not liberate hydrogen gas when reacting with dilute acids?

    <p>Cr2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of standard electrode potentials, which trend is observed from left to right in a period?

    <p>Eo values decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected magnetic behavior of a d5 system?

    <p>Lower than expected magnetic moment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition leads to the stability of M2+ over M3+ in standard oxidation potential?

    <p>IE &gt; HE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about transition metals and their catalytic properties is true?

    <p>Their variable oxidation states contribute to their catalytic properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has a higher ionization energy based on its standard oxidation potential?

    <p>Mn2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the formula for calculating the spin only magnetic moment (in Bohr Magneton, BM) incorporate?

    <p>√n(n+2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining criterion for transition elements in the new definition?

    <p>D-block elements with unpaired electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT considered a transition element?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number for the last element in the first transition series?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the general electronic configuration, what does it mean when an element has the configuration (n - 1)d 1-10 ns0-2?

    <p>It signifies variable oxidation states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an exception to the electron configuration rule mentioned in the content?

    <p>Gold having an interrupted d-electron count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements belongs to the second transition series?

    <p>Yttrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of atomic size, what trend is observed within the transition series from scandium to zinc?

    <p>Atomic size uniformly decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many elements are present in the second transition series?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is the permanganate ion (KMnO4)?

    <p>Purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reagents will produce Cl2 gas when reacting with KMnO4?

    <p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general electronic configuration of lanthanides?

    <p>[Xe]4f1-14 6s2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is expected to show color due to f-d transitions?

    <p>Sm3+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decomposition product is obtained from KMnO4 under heating conditions?

    <p>MnO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions will produce hydrogen gas?

    <p>Zn metal + HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structure does potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) have?

    <p>Bridged Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxidation state of manganese is present in manganate ion?

    <p>+6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is common to lanthanides?

    <p>Common oxidation state of +3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of lanthanide oxides?

    <p>As catalysts in petroleum cracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction correctly represents lanthanides reacting with oxygen?

    <p>Ln + O2 ⟶ Ln2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lanthanide oxide property leads to its use in television screens?

    <p>Phosphorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected oxidation state for most actinides?

    <p>+3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes actinide contraction?

    <p>It is due to the poor shielding of 5f electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lanthanide does not exhibit a +4 oxidation state?

    <p>Eu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mischmetal is primarily an alloy composed of which types of metals?

    <p>Lanthanoid metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    D & F Block Elements

    • D & F block elements are transition metals
    • Transition metals are elements that have partially filled d-orbitals in their ground state or any of their oxidation states.
    • The old definition of transition elements was all elements in the d-block.
    • The new definition of transition metals are d-block elements that have unpaired electrons, or partially filled d-orbitals in any oxidation state.
    • Elements Zn, Cd, and Hg are d-block elements but not considered transition metals.

    The First Transition Series

    • The 3d series includes elements from scandium (Z=21) to zinc (Z=30).
    • There are 10 elements in the first transition series.
    • The filling of 3d orbitals is involved in elements from scandium to zinc.

    The Second Transition Series

    • The 4d series includes elements from yttrium (Z=39) to cadmium (Z=48).
    • There are 10 elements in the second transition series.
    • The filling of 4d orbitals is involved in elements from yttrium to cadmium.

    General Electronic Configuration

    • (n-1)d1–10ns2 is the general electronic configuration
    • Exceptions are common among the transition metals.
    • Elements such as Cu, Cr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt have exceptions to the previous rule

    Physical Properties

    • Atomic size: Decreases across a period (left to right) due to increase in effective nuclear charge but increases slightly down a group.
    • Metallic radius: The radius of the atom in a metallic crystal.
    • Melting point :Generally increases across a period then decreases very slightly. Then it increases again.
    • Density : Increases generally across a period but decreases slightly down a group.
    • Ionization energy: Generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

    Catalytic Properties

    • Transition elements often used as catalysts due to variable oxidation states and high surface area.

    Colour of Transition Metal Compounds

    • The colour of a compound depends on the $d – d$ transitions that occur when electrons move between d orbitals of different energies.
    • d0, d10 are typically colourless.
    • Colourless compounds usually have no partially filled d-orbitals.
    • Other coloured compounds are due to the promotion of electrons within the d orbitals

    Complex Formation Tendency

    • d-block metals can act as Lewis acids due to the presence of empty (n-1) d-orbitals.
    • They form complexes when they attract ligands.

    Halides of 3d Series

    • Oxidation state often correlates to the number of halides (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) each element can form
    • The higher the oxidation state, more halides it forms
    • Some halides from transition metals do not exist due to the nature of the oxidising and reducing agents present.

    Oxides of 3d series

    • Most transition metals exhibit a variety of oxidation states.
    • Different transition metal oxides can form various compounds.

    Oxidation nature of KMnO4

    -In a mild basic environment, KMnO4 can act as a strong oxidising agent
-The oxidation state of manganese in KMnO4 is +7
-In acidic solution, KMnO4 can be reduced to Mn2+

    Reactions of KMnO4

    -HCl, HBr, HI can be oxidised by KMnO4

    • HNO2 / H2SO3/H2C2O4, CO2/H2SO4
    • Fe2+/ Sn2+, H2S/S can be oxidised by KMnO4

    Decomposition of KMnO4

    -Decomposition of KMnO4 yields K2MnO4, MnO2 and O2

    Properties of Lanthanides

    • All are silvery-white metals
    • Found in earth's crust (rare earth metals)
    • High reactivity with halogens and sulfur -Their reactivity is generally more than that of alkaline earth metals.
    • Aqueous solutions are often colored due to f-f transitions.

    Reactions of Lanthanides

    • Lanthanides react with halogens, air, nitrogen and hydrogen.

    Uses of Lanthanides

    • Used in TV screens, and
    • Also used in alloys

    f-Block Elements

    • 4f series: Lanthanides (atomic numbers 58-71).
    • 5f series: Actinides (atomic numbers 90-103).
    • All are radioactive and unstable
    • All are man-made.

    Oxidation States of Actinides

    • Actinides display a greater range of oxidation states compared to lanthanides

    Mischmetal

    • Mischmetal is an alloy of mostly lanthanide metals and iron.
    • The alloy is used to manufacture various pyro-technical products.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on transition metals with this quiz that covers their properties, colors in solution, and complex formation. Explore questions about metal halides, oxidation states, and alloy compositions. Perfect for chemistry enthusiasts and students alike.

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