54 Questions
What does Kritz suggest about the impact of impunity?
It emboldens perpetrators of past atrocities
What was the outcome of the 1999 Lomé peace accord in Sierra Leone?
Fighting broke out within two months
How did the Special Court for Sierra Leone contribute to ending violence?
By prosecuting human rights abusers
What impact did the South Sudanese government's approach have on the country according to Keppler?
It emboldened abusive leaders
How did the expectation of blanket amnesties affect potential human rights abusers?
It emboldened them to continue committing atrocities
Why does Kritz challenge the assertion that blanket amnesties bring about peace?
Because they are ineffective in preventing future violence
What is the success rate of amnesties offered to rebel groups according to quantitative studies?
34%
How many states offered an amnesty more than three times between 1974 and 2007?
19 states
What do opponents of blanket amnesties primarily raise concerns about?
Impunity
Which three countries are mentioned as examples where long-term imposition of blanket amnesties did not result in desired collective amnesia for atrocity crimes?
Argentina, Chile, Spain
How many states offered an amnesty more than once between 1974 and 2007?
28 states
What is the main reason why some consider blanket amnesties to be ineffective in ending violence?
They contribute to impunity
What is one reason opponents of the sequencing theory argue against blanket amnesties?
It undermines the credibility of future promises.
In what year did the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice declare blanket amnesties unconstitutional?
2005
What is a key aspect of the utility of a blanket amnesty as highlighted in the text?
Unconditionality in shielding recipients from future prosecution.
Which Latin American states have formally or informally annulled their amnesty laws according to the text?
Uruguay, Peru, and Chile
Why have judicial bodies started challenging amnesty laws in recent years?
To justify further investigations into human rights violations.
What is the main concern raised about the long-term effectiveness of using blanket amnesties as an approach to conflict resolution?
They may only be successfully utilized a few times before losing credibility.
What is a key idea conveyed in the text regarding conflict resolution?
Every conflict requires a unique approach.
What issues fall under the definition of atrocity crimes?
Genocide and war crimes
What is a primary argument presented in the text regarding conflict resolution?
Justice should be considered from the start of conflict resolution efforts.
What is a critique mentioned in the text regarding the pro-justice argument?
It is always infallible.
What is a challenge faced by the pro-justice approach according to the text?
Assumption of infallibility
What is a key assertion made in the text regarding the relationship between justice and peace?
A pro-justice approach is essential for sustainable peace.
What is the essence of the debate between peace and justice?
Whether one should take precedence over the other
What is the primary argument made by those who advocate for peace taking precedence over justice?
Justice and accountability lead to prolonged conflicts
How does the paper argue against the dichotomous debate of peace versus justice?
By defining peace more broadly and justice beyond retribution
What is considered a necessary and fundamental aspect of attaining peace, according to the text?
Accountability and justice
Why do advocates for justice and accountability claim that sustainable peace is not possible without them?
Because justice and accountability are essential for enduring peace
In what sense does the paper suggest that understanding justice transcends retribution?
By viewing justice as integral to attaining lasting peace
What is the primary purpose of reconciliation measures, including reparations, according to Sooka?
Building social solidarity amongst citizens
Why does Sooka emphasize a victim-centered approach to post-conflict justice?
To provide closure to victims
In the context of post-conflict justice, why is a solely retributive approach not recommended?
It risks destabilizing fragile conflict situations
What is a key aspect highlighted by Sooka for establishing peace in a sustainable manner?
Rebuilding trust in government institutions
How does acknowledging the pain and suffering of victims contribute to reconciliation?
By allowing for closure and reconciliation
What is the main risk associated with pursuing post-conflict justice, according to critics?
Destabilizing fragile conflict situations
What has undermined the Court's neutrality according to the text?
Political relationship with the UNSC
Which UNSC power highlighted the ICC's status as a political tool?
Article 16
What allows the UNSC to refer a situation to the ICC regardless of a State's ratification status?
Article 16 of the Rome Statute
What countries are exempt from ICC prosecution due to not being parties to the Rome Statute?
USA, China, Japan
In which year did Moreno-Ocampo hold a joint press conference with President Museveni?
2004
Why was the ICC strongly criticized in Uganda according to the text?
For not prosecuting crimes against Acholi people by UPDF
Why is the ICC facing allegations of political bias and selective justice?
As a result of tensions between its judicial mandate and the belief that justice contributes to peace
What is one of the challenges faced by the ICC in effectively pursuing justice?
The inability to demarcate between judicial and political considerations
Why has political interference been detrimental to the ICC's pursuit of effective justice?
It has resulted in an inability to maintain independence and impartiality
How does the strict demarcation between political and judicial considerations impact the pursuit of justice?
It ensures that justice is always perceived as just
What impact does political bias have on the legitimacy of the ICC in pursuing justice?
Undermines its legitimacy and effectiveness
How does the belief that justice contributes to peace create challenges for the ICC?
It creates tensions with its strictly judicial mandate
What is the main concern regarding pushing for justice in cases of atrocity crimes, as discussed in the text?
It may embolden accused leaders to fight for survival, leading to more violence.
According to critics, why might pushing for trials undermine attempts to negotiate peace agreements in intractable conflicts?
It provides little incentive for guilty leaders to disarm.
What strategic factor makes the threat of indictment less effective when applied to those already in power?
Indictment loses deterrent power as those in power are immune.
What was the consequence of the ICC's initial indictment of Sudan's al-Bashir for crimes against humanity and war crimes?
13 humanitarian aid agencies were expelled, affecting over one million people.
Why was the ICC's refusal to withdraw indictments against Joseph Kony and other LRA commanders considered detrimental to peace negotiations in Uganda?
It undermined Uganda's 2000 Amnesty Act.
How did the ICC's actions impact access to basic necessities for over one million people, as mentioned in the text?
It resulted in the expulsion of humanitarian aid agencies.
Explore the challenges and evolution of amnesty laws in Latin American states as they transition from authoritarian regimes to democracy. Learn about the role of judicial bodies in challenging amnesty laws and promoting accountability.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
