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Transcription Process
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Transcription Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

  • To unwind the DNA double helix
  • To catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds (correct)
  • To carry amino acids to the ribosome
  • To remove introns from pre-mRNA
  • What is the purpose of complementary base pairing during transcription?

  • To unwind the DNA double helix
  • To align free nucleotides for mRNA synthesis (correct)
  • To remove introns from pre-mRNA
  • To initiate translation
  • What happens to the DNA molecule after transcription?

  • It re-forms its double helix structure (correct)
  • It is destroyed
  • It is degraded by an enzyme
  • It unwinds completely
  • What is the function of tRNA during translation?

    <p>To carry amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the process of translation?

    <p>A polypeptide chain is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ribosome during translation?

    <p>To facilitate the formation of a polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?

    <p>Translation ceases and the process ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, what happens to the pre-mRNA after transcription?

    <p>It is spliced to remove introns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transcription

    • During transcription, an mRNA molecule is created in the nucleus through a process involving DNA uncoiling, nucleotide pairing, and phosphodiester bond formation.
    • Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases break, and one DNA strand serves as a template (antisense strand) for mRNA formation.
    • Free nucleotides line up through complementary base pairing and are joined by phosphodiester bonds, forming an mRNA molecule, catalyzed by RNA polymerase.
    • When a stop codon is reached, transcription ceases, and the RNA polymerase moves away, allowing the DNA to rejoin.

    Splicing in Eukaryotic Cells

    • In eukaryotic cells, the pre-mRNA undergoes splicing to remove introns, leaving a strand of exons.
    • The mRNA then exits the nucleus through a pore and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

    Translation

    • In translation, amino acids join to form a polypeptide chain through a process involving mRNA, ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA).
    • mRNA attaches to a ribosome, and tRNA collects amino acids from the cytoplasm, carrying them to the ribosome.
    • tRNA attaches itself to mRNA through complementary base pairing, and amino acids join by a peptide bond, releasing the tRNA.
    • This process repeats until a stop codon is reached, ending protein synthesis.
    • A ribosome can join up to 15 amino acids per second, and multiple ribosomes can move along the same mRNA strand, assembling proteins simultaneously.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the process of transcription, where a molecule of mRNA is made in the nucleus. It describes the steps involved in unwinding DNA, using a template strand, and forming the mRNA molecule through complementary base pairing and phosphodiester bonds.

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