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Lecture 16
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Lecture 16

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical number of nucleotide pairs of DNA that a monomer typically binds?

  • 3-5
  • 6-8 (correct)
  • 10-12
  • 15-18

    • How often would a 6 nucleotide sequence occur in dimerization?

  • Once every 46 nucleotides (4096) (correct)
  • Once every 60 nucleotides (3600)
  • Once every 100 nucleotides (10000)
  • Once every 30 nucleotides (900)

    • What are the lengths of enhancers typically range from?

  • 1-10 bp
  • 100-300 bp
  • 250-500 bp
  • 5-200 bp (correct)

    • What type of proteins further increase affinity and specificity in dimerization?

    <p>Homodimers and heterodimers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of promoters in gene expression?

    <p>Direct binding of RNA pol 2 to DNA and influence frequency of transcription initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transcription activators and repressors composed of?

    <p>Modular proteins containing a single DNA binding domain and one or a few activation or repression domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of domains do activation/transactivation domains belong to?

    <p>Acidic, glutamine rich, proline rich, isoleucine rich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of motif does the bacteriophage 434 repressor have?

    <p>Helix-turn-helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consensus sequence of DNA response elements that bind to nuclear receptors?

    <p>Inverted repeats separated by 3 bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain functions as a repression domain in some nuclear receptors in the absence of a ligand?

    <p>Hormone binding domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response element does the RXR-VDR heterodimer bind to?

    <p>Direct repeat response element separated by 3 bp (VDRE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a hormone binds to the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain?

    <p>Conformational change that releases chaperone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the activation domain at the N-terminus of nuclear receptors?

    <p>Stimulate transcription of target genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of response element do estrogen receptors bind to?

    <p>Estrogen receptor response element (ERE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the receptor-hormone complex retained in the absence of cortisol?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the hormone response in heterodimeric nuclear receptors?

    <p>Another nuclear-receptor subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural motif is the most common DNA binding motif in human and other mammalian genomes?

    <p>C2H2 zinc finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins interact with the DNA backbone at adjacent sites in the major groove?

    <p>Leucine zipper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transcription factors allow for combinatorial possibilities and increase gene-control options?

    <p>Heterodimeric transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transcription factors bind cooperatively to composite DNA sites?

    <p>NFAT-AP1 and SRF-SAP1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HMGI do to the minor groove of DNA?

    <p>Bends the molecule and allows TF interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can TF activity be indirectly regulated?

    <p>By cell-surface receptor activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins are found in 50 human transcription factors, including nuclear hormone receptors?

    <p>C4 zinc finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of DNA binding domains interact with specific DNA sequences using alpha helices?

    <p>Homeodomain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables different transcriptional responses depending on the expressed monomers and their regulation?

    <p>Heterodimeric transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex forms on the beta-interferon enhancer, involving cooperative binding of heterodimeric and monomeric TFs?

    <p>Enhanceosome complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural motif interacts with the DNA backbone at adjacent sites in the major groove?

    <p>Leucine zipper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are involved in cooperative binding of structurally unrelated TFs to neighboring DNA binding sites?

    <p>C4 zinc finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transcription Factor Structure and Regulation

    • Eukaryotic DNA binding domains interact with specific DNA sequences using alpha helices
    • Common structural motifs in DNA binding domains of eukaryotic transcription factors include homeodomain, C2H2 zinc finger, C4 zinc finger, leucine zipper, and basic helix loop helix
    • C2H2 zinc finger is the most common DNA binding motif in human and other mammalian genomes
    • C4 zinc finger proteins are found in 50 human transcription factors, including nuclear hormone receptors
    • Leucine-zipper proteins interact with the DNA backbone at adjacent sites in the major groove
    • Heterodimeric transcription factors allow for combinatorial possibilities and increase gene-control options
    • TF interactions enable different transcriptional responses depending on the expressed monomers and their regulation
    • Cooperative binding of structurally unrelated TFs to neighboring DNA binding sites enables combinatorial transcription regulation
    • NFAT-AP1 and SRF-SAP1 are examples of TFs that bind cooperatively to composite DNA sites
    • Enhanceosome complex forms on the beta-interferon enhancer, involving cooperative binding of heterodimeric and monomeric TFs
    • HMGI binds the minor groove of DNA, bending the molecule and allowing TF interaction
    • TF activity can be indirectly regulated by cell-surface receptor activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of transcription factor structure and regulation with this quiz. Explore the common structural motifs in eukaryotic transcription factors, including C2H2 zinc finger, homeodomain, leucine zipper, and more. Learn about the interactions and cooperative binding of transcription factors, as well as their regulation through signal transduction pathways.

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