Transcription and Central Dogma in Molecular Biology

The central dogma of molecular biology specifies that the usual flow of genetic information is from DNA to mRNA to polypeptide. It forms the cornerstone of our understanding of genetics at the molecular level, illustrating the directional flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Transcription is the mechanism by which a template strand of DNA is used by specific RNA polymerases to generate one of the three different types of RNA, specifically the Messenger RNA (mRNA).

Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the genetic coding template used by the translational machinery to determine the order of amino acids incorporated into an elongating polypeptide during the process of translation.

<p>Exceptions to the usual flow of genetic information include instances such as RNA viruses and certain transposable elements, which use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to make a copy of DNA from RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three different types of RNA generated through transcription are Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and Transfer RNA (tRNA). Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the genetic coding template for translation, while Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and Transfer RNA (tRNA) play crucial roles in the protein synthesis process.</p> Signup and view all the answers