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Questions and Answers
Which enzyme is used to join DNA fragments together in molecular cloning?
Which enzyme is used to join DNA fragments together in molecular cloning?
- RNA polymerase
- Helicase
- Ligase (correct)
- DNA polymerase
In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously due to the absence of which cellular component?
In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously due to the absence of which cellular component?
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Nucleus (correct)
- Mitochondria
In a strain of E. coli with a mutation in the trp operon operator preventing repressor binding, will the operon be transcribed in the presence of tryptophan?
In a strain of E. coli with a mutation in the trp operon operator preventing repressor binding, will the operon be transcribed in the presence of tryptophan?
- Yes (correct)
- Depends on the RNA polymerase activity
- Depends on the promoter region
- No
Why is the lac operon off by default in E. coli?
Why is the lac operon off by default in E. coli?
How are histone modifications used to alter gene transcription?
How are histone modifications used to alter gene transcription?
What is the role of a general transcription factor in gene expression?
What is the role of a general transcription factor in gene expression?
Why can alternative splicing never change the order of exons in an mRNA transcript?
Why can alternative splicing never change the order of exons in an mRNA transcript?
What prevents an mRNA from existing in the cell forever and being translated continuously?
What prevents an mRNA from existing in the cell forever and being translated continuously?
How can a microRNA stop translation of a specific mRNA without affecting all mRNAs in the cell?
How can a microRNA stop translation of a specific mRNA without affecting all mRNAs in the cell?
What are the advantages of eukaryotic cells regulating protein production via post-translational control?
What are the advantages of eukaryotic cells regulating protein production via post-translational control?
What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
What is the function of the Kozak sequence in eukaryotic mRNA translation?
What is the function of the Kozak sequence in eukaryotic mRNA translation?
What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?
What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?
During mRNA synthesis, where does the energy come from to create bonds between nucleotides?
During mRNA synthesis, where does the energy come from to create bonds between nucleotides?
What is the importance of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons of RNA (and/or DNA)?
What is the importance of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons of RNA (and/or DNA)?
What is the role of tRNA and how are tRNAs 'charged'?
What is the role of tRNA and how are tRNAs 'charged'?
Which process allows a primary RNA transcript to make multiple versions of a protein?
Which process allows a primary RNA transcript to make multiple versions of a protein?
What can increase or decrease transcription of a gene according to chromatin structure?
What can increase or decrease transcription of a gene according to chromatin structure?
Are the noncoding portions of mature mRNAs (untranslated regions) considered part of exons?
Are the noncoding portions of mature mRNAs (untranslated regions) considered part of exons?
Which statement is true regarding methylation of CpG islands in eukaryotes like humans?
Which statement is true regarding methylation of CpG islands in eukaryotes like humans?
Is alternative splicing another name for polycistronic transcripts?
Is alternative splicing another name for polycistronic transcripts?
Where are microRNAs produced by transcription?
Where are microRNAs produced by transcription?
Neuropeptide Y is not expressed in liver cells. What could be a possible reason for this?
Neuropeptide Y is not expressed in liver cells. What could be a possible reason for this?
Which process involves separating DNA fragments based on their size and charge?
Which process involves separating DNA fragments based on their size and charge?
In which direction does PCR synthesize DNA?
In which direction does PCR synthesize DNA?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli?
What is the function of DNA ligase in molecular cloning?
What is the function of DNA ligase in molecular cloning?
What is the role of histone modifications in eukaryotes?
What is the role of histone modifications in eukaryotes?
How does mRNA in eukaryotes prevent continuous translation?
How does mRNA in eukaryotes prevent continuous translation?
What is the function of microRNA in gene expression?
What is the function of microRNA in gene expression?
How do eukaryotes regulate protein production?
How do eukaryotes regulate protein production?
What is the function of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?
What is the function of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?
What is the role of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons in RNA and/or DNA?
What is the role of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons in RNA and/or DNA?
Why is it overkill to use four nucleotides per codon in the genetic code?
Why is it overkill to use four nucleotides per codon in the genetic code?
Where in the eukaryotic cell do transcription, mRNA processing, and translation occur?
Where in the eukaryotic cell do transcription, mRNA processing, and translation occur?
What is the enzymatic activity of the enzyme used in PCR?
What is the enzymatic activity of the enzyme used in PCR?
What is the process by which a primary RNA transcript can be used to make multiple versions of a protein called?
What is the process by which a primary RNA transcript can be used to make multiple versions of a protein called?
Which of the following can increase or decrease transcription of a gene according to chromatin structure?
Which of the following can increase or decrease transcription of a gene according to chromatin structure?
Are the noncoding portions of mature mRNAs (untranslated regions) considered part of exons?
Are the noncoding portions of mature mRNAs (untranslated regions) considered part of exons?
Which statement is true regarding methylation of CpG islands in eukaryotes like humans?
Which statement is true regarding methylation of CpG islands in eukaryotes like humans?
Is alternative splicing another name for polycistronic transcripts?
Is alternative splicing another name for polycistronic transcripts?
Where are microRNAs produced by transcription?
Where are microRNAs produced by transcription?
Neuropeptide Y is not expressed in liver cells. What could be a possible reason for this?
Neuropeptide Y is not expressed in liver cells. What could be a possible reason for this?
What is the term for the structures that allow for vision in humans and are only found in retinal cells?
What is the term for the structures that allow for vision in humans and are only found in retinal cells?
Which enzyme is used to join DNA fragments together in molecular cloning?
Which enzyme is used to join DNA fragments together in molecular cloning?
In which direction does PCR synthesize DNA?
In which direction does PCR synthesize DNA?
What can specifically stop translation of a target mRNA without affecting all mRNAs in the cell?
What can specifically stop translation of a target mRNA without affecting all mRNAs in the cell?
Which process separates DNA fragments based on size and charge?
Which process separates DNA fragments based on size and charge?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli?
What is the function of histone modifications in eukaryotes?
What is the function of histone modifications in eukaryotes?
What is the role of alternative splicing in mRNA transcripts?
What is the role of alternative splicing in mRNA transcripts?
What prevents continuous translation of mRNA in eukaryotes?
What prevents continuous translation of mRNA in eukaryotes?
How do eukaryotes regulate protein production?
How do eukaryotes regulate protein production?
What is the function of recombinant DNA technology?
What is the function of recombinant DNA technology?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli in the presence of tryptophan?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli in the presence of tryptophan?
What is the role of microRNA in gene expression?
What is the role of microRNA in gene expression?
What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?
What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?
During mRNA synthesis, where does the energy come from to create bonds between nucleotides?
During mRNA synthesis, where does the energy come from to create bonds between nucleotides?
What is the importance of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons of RNA (and/or DNA)?
What is the importance of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons of RNA (and/or DNA)?
What is the function of tRNA and how are tRNAs 'charged'?
What is the function of tRNA and how are tRNAs 'charged'?
What prevents continuous translation of mRNA in eukaryotes?
What prevents continuous translation of mRNA in eukaryotes?
Which of the following can increase or decrease transcription of a gene according to chromatin structure?
Which of the following can increase or decrease transcription of a gene according to chromatin structure?
Are the noncoding portions of mature mRNAs (untranslated regions) considered part of exons?
Are the noncoding portions of mature mRNAs (untranslated regions) considered part of exons?
Which statement is true regarding methylation of CpG islands in eukaryotes like humans?
Which statement is true regarding methylation of CpG islands in eukaryotes like humans?
Is alternative splicing another name for polycistronic transcripts?
Is alternative splicing another name for polycistronic transcripts?
Where are microRNAs produced by transcription?
Where are microRNAs produced by transcription?
What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?
What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli in the presence of tryptophan?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli in the presence of tryptophan?
Which enzyme is used in molecular cloning to join DNA fragments together?
Which enzyme is used in molecular cloning to join DNA fragments together?
In which direction does PCR synthesize DNA?
In which direction does PCR synthesize DNA?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli in the presence of tryptophan?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli in the presence of tryptophan?
What prevents continuous translation of mRNA in eukaryotes?
What prevents continuous translation of mRNA in eukaryotes?
What is the role of histone modifications in eukaryotes?
What is the role of histone modifications in eukaryotes?
What is the function of microRNA in gene expression?
What is the function of microRNA in gene expression?
What allows eukaryotes to regulate protein production through transcriptional or post-translational control?
What allows eukaryotes to regulate protein production through transcriptional or post-translational control?
Which process separates DNA fragments based on size and charge?
Which process separates DNA fragments based on size and charge?
What is the function of recombinant DNA technology?
What is the function of recombinant DNA technology?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli?
What is the impact of a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli?
What is the role of alternative splicing in mRNA transcripts?
What is the role of alternative splicing in mRNA transcripts?
What is the function of DNA ligase in molecular cloning?
What is the function of DNA ligase in molecular cloning?
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Study Notes
Molecular Biology Questions Summary
- Recombinant DNA involves inserting DNA from one species into another, such as human DNA into bacteria.
- DNA ligase is used in molecular cloning to join DNA fragments together.
- Eukaryotes must wait until transcription is complete before beginning translation, unlike prokaryotes where they occur simultaneously.
- A mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli can impact the transcription of the operon in the presence or absence of tryptophan.
- Histone modifications alter gene transcription in eukaryotes.
- Alternative splicing cannot change the order of exons in an mRNA transcript.
- mRNA in eukaryotes can be translated many times, but it is eventually degraded, preventing continuous translation.
- MicroRNA can specifically stop translation of a target mRNA without affecting all mRNAs in the cell.
- Eukaryotes can regulate protein production through transcriptional or post-translational control, with different advantages and disadvantages.
- PCR synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
- Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on size and charge.
- Bacteria can replicate DNA containing human DNA due to the ability of bacteria to handle foreign DNA.
Molecular Biology Questions Summary
- Recombinant DNA involves inserting DNA from one species into another, such as human DNA into bacteria.
- DNA ligase is used in molecular cloning to join DNA fragments together.
- Eukaryotes must wait until transcription is complete before beginning translation, unlike prokaryotes where they occur simultaneously.
- A mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli can impact the transcription of the operon in the presence or absence of tryptophan.
- Histone modifications alter gene transcription in eukaryotes.
- Alternative splicing cannot change the order of exons in an mRNA transcript.
- mRNA in eukaryotes can be translated many times, but it is eventually degraded, preventing continuous translation.
- MicroRNA can specifically stop translation of a target mRNA without affecting all mRNAs in the cell.
- Eukaryotes can regulate protein production through transcriptional or post-translational control, with different advantages and disadvantages.
- PCR synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
- Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on size and charge.
- Bacteria can replicate DNA containing human DNA due to the ability of bacteria to handle foreign DNA.
Molecular Biology Questions Summary
- Recombinant DNA involves inserting DNA from one species into another, such as human DNA into bacteria.
- DNA ligase is used in molecular cloning to join DNA fragments together.
- Eukaryotes must wait until transcription is complete before beginning translation, unlike prokaryotes where they occur simultaneously.
- A mutation in the operator of the trp operon in E. coli can impact the transcription of the operon in the presence or absence of tryptophan.
- Histone modifications alter gene transcription in eukaryotes.
- Alternative splicing cannot change the order of exons in an mRNA transcript.
- mRNA in eukaryotes can be translated many times, but it is eventually degraded, preventing continuous translation.
- MicroRNA can specifically stop translation of a target mRNA without affecting all mRNAs in the cell.
- Eukaryotes can regulate protein production through transcriptional or post-translational control, with different advantages and disadvantages.
- PCR synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
- Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on size and charge.
- Bacteria can replicate DNA containing human DNA due to the ability of bacteria to handle foreign DNA.
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