Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of draft force in couplers?
What is the primary purpose of draft force in couplers?
- It is needed for pulling an attached coupler or wagon. (correct)
- It eliminates slack in the couplers.
- It prevents the wagon from rolling backward.
- It is required for pushing a wagon.
What does buff force signify in coupler operations?
What does buff force signify in coupler operations?
- Force required for pulling another attached wagon.
- Force indicating the maximum slack in the coupler.
- Force on the coupler required for pushing another attached coupler or wagon. (correct)
- Force necessary to absorb impacts during draft.
What is slack in the context of draw-gear?
What is slack in the context of draw-gear?
- The maximum weight a coupler can handle.
- Free play provided in draw-gear for movement around curves and grades. (correct)
- The distance between two connected couplers.
- The total length of a train's coupler.
How much free slack is typically allowed for a wagon?
How much free slack is typically allowed for a wagon?
What is the definition of run-in regarding train coupler slack?
What is the definition of run-in regarding train coupler slack?
Which statement best describes run-out in train coupling?
Which statement best describes run-out in train coupling?
What is the function of the draft gear in a coupler system?
What is the function of the draft gear in a coupler system?
What does the term 'spring slack' refer to?
What does the term 'spring slack' refer to?
In which situation does slack action occur?
In which situation does slack action occur?
What is the total slack estimated for 40 vehicles?
What is the total slack estimated for 40 vehicles?
What is a common consequence of improper brake application in freight trains?
What is a common consequence of improper brake application in freight trains?
What key practice is advised to maintain a good train handling when applying brakes?
What key practice is advised to maintain a good train handling when applying brakes?
Which of the following can be a reason for coupler failure?
Which of the following can be a reason for coupler failure?
What is the designed ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the CBC coupler?
What is the designed ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the CBC coupler?
What can lead to train parting due to coupler issues?
What can lead to train parting due to coupler issues?
What action should be taken to reduce the chances of train parting while starting from a standstill?
What action should be taken to reduce the chances of train parting while starting from a standstill?
A primary factor influencing the severity of run-in after brake application is:
A primary factor influencing the severity of run-in after brake application is:
What can result from improper use of dynamic brakes during train handling?
What can result from improper use of dynamic brakes during train handling?
Which factor does NOT contribute to poor tensile strength of couplers?
Which factor does NOT contribute to poor tensile strength of couplers?
Which of the following practices can help prevent train partings due to uncoupling?
Which of the following practices can help prevent train partings due to uncoupling?
What is the primary cause of wear and fatigue in couplers during operation?
What is the primary cause of wear and fatigue in couplers during operation?
What happens to the wagons as the locomotive climbs the grade?
What happens to the wagons as the locomotive climbs the grade?
What is described as the natural frequency of the train?
What is described as the natural frequency of the train?
Which driving strategy helps in controlling longitudinal coupler forces?
Which driving strategy helps in controlling longitudinal coupler forces?
What is one of the consequences of slack being taken up between large groups of wagons?
What is one of the consequences of slack being taken up between large groups of wagons?
During what situation are maximum chances of train parting most likely to occur?
During what situation are maximum chances of train parting most likely to occur?
What precaution can help avoid excessive coupler forces while climbing a grade?
What precaution can help avoid excessive coupler forces while climbing a grade?
What should be done just before approaching the top of the hump to avoid excessive speed?
What should be done just before approaching the top of the hump to avoid excessive speed?
What occurs when the slack between two blocks of wagons is fully used up?
What occurs when the slack between two blocks of wagons is fully used up?
What impacts force causes coupler breakage?
What impacts force causes coupler breakage?
What is the consequence of not allowing time for brakes in rear wagons to fully release before further notching up?
What is the consequence of not allowing time for brakes in rear wagons to fully release before further notching up?
Which component of the coupler is NOT recommended for lubrication at any stage?
Which component of the coupler is NOT recommended for lubrication at any stage?
What should be checked to ensure proper functionality of the couplers?
What should be checked to ensure proper functionality of the couplers?
What type of hardening process can be applied to the wearing surfaces of the knuckle to reduce wear?
What type of hardening process can be applied to the wearing surfaces of the knuckle to reduce wear?
What is one method proposed to prevent unauthorized tampering with the uncoupling mechanism?
What is one method proposed to prevent unauthorized tampering with the uncoupling mechanism?
Which defect may indicate a need for a wagon to be marked sick?
Which defect may indicate a need for a wagon to be marked sick?
What should be strictly adhered to during the procurement of coupler spares?
What should be strictly adhered to during the procurement of coupler spares?
Which of the following items should be sent for reclamation if they show signs of wear?
Which of the following items should be sent for reclamation if they show signs of wear?
During the inspection of the operating mechanism and rotary lifting gear, what conditions should be closely monitored?
During the inspection of the operating mechanism and rotary lifting gear, what conditions should be closely monitored?
At what stage should the anti-creep feature be checked on all wagons?
At what stage should the anti-creep feature be checked on all wagons?
What is the primary difference between draft force and buff force in train operations?
What is the primary difference between draft force and buff force in train operations?
In the context of couplers, what does 'free slack' specifically refer to?
In the context of couplers, what does 'free slack' specifically refer to?
What is the value of spring slack when draft-gear is fully pressed?
What is the value of spring slack when draft-gear is fully pressed?
During which scenario is run-in most likely to occur?
During which scenario is run-in most likely to occur?
Which term describes the rapid change of a train’s coupler-slack to draft due to acceleration?
Which term describes the rapid change of a train’s coupler-slack to draft due to acceleration?
What does 'slack action' entail in a coupled train system?
What does 'slack action' entail in a coupled train system?
What is the maximum total slack estimated for 40 vehicles in a train?
What is the maximum total slack estimated for 40 vehicles in a train?
Which component interacts directly between a loco and a wagon?
Which component interacts directly between a loco and a wagon?
What is the implication of having improper slack conditions between train wagons?
What is the implication of having improper slack conditions between train wagons?
What is one of the main purposes of providing slack in draw gear?
What is one of the main purposes of providing slack in draw gear?
What method should NOT be used for lubricating coupler components?
What method should NOT be used for lubricating coupler components?
What is a required step in the procurement of coupler spares?
What is a required step in the procurement of coupler spares?
Which issue signifies that a wagon should be marked sick?
Which issue signifies that a wagon should be marked sick?
What action should be taken regarding the operating mechanism of couplers?
What action should be taken regarding the operating mechanism of couplers?
What should be strictly avoided in regards to the coupler's locking arrangement?
What should be strictly avoided in regards to the coupler's locking arrangement?
Which of the following practices is encouraged for maintaining couplers?
Which of the following practices is encouraged for maintaining couplers?
What is a recommended method for enhancing the durability of coupler components?
What is a recommended method for enhancing the durability of coupler components?
What should be done to components that are reclaimable regarding couplers?
What should be done to components that are reclaimable regarding couplers?
What is required for the heat treatment of coupler components?
What is required for the heat treatment of coupler components?
What is an essential maintenance practice for ensuring proper coupler function?
What is an essential maintenance practice for ensuring proper coupler function?
What effect does uneven loading of wagons have on brake application?
What effect does uneven loading of wagons have on brake application?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using dynamic brakes improperly?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using dynamic brakes improperly?
What is a potential reason for coupler failure related to manufacturing defects?
What is a potential reason for coupler failure related to manufacturing defects?
Which practice can help minimize the risk of train-parting due to uncoupling?
Which practice can help minimize the risk of train-parting due to uncoupling?
What is one of the key precautions to take when starting a train from a standstill?
What is one of the key precautions to take when starting a train from a standstill?
Which of the following factors most significantly influences the severity of run-in after brake application?
Which of the following factors most significantly influences the severity of run-in after brake application?
Which issue is a consequence of improper heat treatment of the knuckle?
Which issue is a consequence of improper heat treatment of the knuckle?
What does not contribute to coupler failure among the listed options?
What does not contribute to coupler failure among the listed options?
Which condition is likely to lead to a run-out when dynamic brakes are released inappropriately?
Which condition is likely to lead to a run-out when dynamic brakes are released inappropriately?
What factor can lead to ineffective anti-creep devices and its consequences?
What factor can lead to ineffective anti-creep devices and its consequences?
How do longitudinal coupler forces typically arise in a train during movement?
How do longitudinal coupler forces typically arise in a train during movement?
What is the consequence of managing slack action on a single wagon in a long train?
What is the consequence of managing slack action on a single wagon in a long train?
What do high impact forces in a train result from?
What do high impact forces in a train result from?
In what scenario are maximum chances of train parting highest?
In what scenario are maximum chances of train parting highest?
What precaution can help limit excessive coupler forces on a graded section?
What precaution can help limit excessive coupler forces on a graded section?
Which driving strategy can effectively limit the forces acting on couplers?
Which driving strategy can effectively limit the forces acting on couplers?
What happens when slack is fully taken up between two separate blocks of wagons?
What happens when slack is fully taken up between two separate blocks of wagons?
What impact does the natural frequency of oscillation have during the run-in phase?
What impact does the natural frequency of oscillation have during the run-in phase?
What is the effect of using severe braking on the train just before a dip?
What is the effect of using severe braking on the train just before a dip?
How do undulating grades affect the behavior of train wagons relative to coupler forces?
How do undulating grades affect the behavior of train wagons relative to coupler forces?
Flashcards
Draft Force
Draft Force
Force on a coupler needed to pull a connected wagon or coupler, beginning after the couplers fully extend.
Buff Force
Buff Force
Force required to push a connected wagon or coupler, beginning after the couplers fully compress.
Draw Gear
Draw Gear
The actual coupling mechanism between locomotives and wagons, or between wagons.
Draft Gear
Draft Gear
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Slack
Slack
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Free Slack
Free Slack
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Spring Slack
Spring Slack
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Run-In
Run-In
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Run-Out
Run-Out
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Slack Action
Slack Action
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Coupler Impact Force
Coupler Impact Force
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Train Slack
Train Slack
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Coupler Forces
Coupler Forces
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Run-in/Run-out Mechanism
Run-in/Run-out Mechanism
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Undulating Graded Section
Undulating Graded Section
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Train Parting
Train Parting
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Controlling Slack Action
Controlling Slack Action
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Impact Force Variations
Impact Force Variations
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Constant Speed Maintenance
Constant Speed Maintenance
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Avoiding Excessive Braking
Avoiding Excessive Braking
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Train Brake Application
Train Brake Application
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Coupler Force Distribution
Coupler Force Distribution
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Train Handling Practice
Train Handling Practice
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Dynamic Brake
Dynamic Brake
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Coupler Maintenance
Coupler Maintenance
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Coupler Tensile Strength (UTS)
Coupler Tensile Strength (UTS)
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Train Parting的原å›
Train Parting的原å›
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Precautions to Reduce Train Parting
Precautions to Reduce Train Parting
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Coupler Drop Prevention
Coupler Drop Prevention
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Sudden Notching Up
Sudden Notching Up
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Sudden Braking
Sudden Braking
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Coupler Slack
Coupler Slack
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Coupler Spare Procurement
Coupler Spare Procurement
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Coupler Component Hardening
Coupler Component Hardening
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Coupler Component Reclamation
Coupler Component Reclamation
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Anti-Creep Feature
Anti-Creep Feature
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Coupler Height
Coupler Height
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Slack (in train coupling)
Slack (in train coupling)
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Run-In Mechanism
Run-In Mechanism
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MP Manipulation
MP Manipulation
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Coasting
Coasting
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Train Handling Practice: Keeping the Consist Stretched
Train Handling Practice: Keeping the Consist Stretched
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Train Parting Reasons
Train Parting Reasons
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Coupler Drop
Coupler Drop
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Study Notes
Train Parting: Types of Coupler Forces
- Draft Force: The force needed to pull one attached coupler/wagon. Pulling begins after complete coupler extension.
- Buff Force: The force needed to push one attached coupler/wagon. Pushing starts after complete coupler compression.
Train Parting: Definitions
- Draw Gear: The coupling mechanism between locomotives and wagons or between wagons.
- Draft Gear: The impact-absorbing components attached to the draw gear of the locomotive or wagon.
- Slack: The free movement in the draw gear (or part of it). Required for movement around curves and grades, with free play. Ranges up to 1 inch for wagons.
- Spring Slack: Additional movement after free slack. It occurs after the free slack movement is finished, when the drawgear is compressed or rebounds; directs all slack in the opposite direction, values are up to 5 inches. Total slack for 40 vehicles is about 20 feet.
- Run-In: Rapid change in coupler slack from stretched to compressed when the rear of a train travels faster than the front, usually from sudden braking.
- Run-Out: Rapid change in coupler slack from compressed to stretched when the rear of a train travels slower than the front, usually from sudden acceleration.
- Slack Action: Movement of one part of a train at a different speed than another part. Impact force from bump on couplers is related to the square of the speed difference, causing wear and fatigue, and possibly coupler breakage.
Train Parting: Run-In/Run-Out Mechanism
- Run-In Mechanism: Occurs when a train climbs a grade. The rear of the train slows down and compresses as the front runs into it. The compression continues until a wave reaches the rear of the train, causing oscillation.
Train Parting: Driving Strategies
- Controlling Slack: Crucial to limit longitudinal coupler forces. Low forces occur when slack is taken up one wagon at a time; however, this is not suitable for long trains. Preventing relative movement of large wagon groups is important as high forces result in bunched or stretched wagons moving together (or apart). Run-ins and run-outs happen when slack is used up, leading to excessive forces.
- Driving Precautions: Maintaining consistent speed with MP manipulation and coasting where possible to reduce power before grades or dips, and also avoiding sudden braking.
Train Parting: Train Brake Application
- Brake Application Impact: Brake application causes compressive coupler forces. Severity depends on the force and distribution of slack previously within train, as wagons may not brake equally. Keeping train consists stretched while applying brakes reduces risk. Using dynamic brakes may cause severe slack action if applied improperly (with respect to track geometry and train speed) causing unwanted run-outs.
Train Parting: Coupler Maintenance
- Coupler Failure Causes: Causes of broken couplers include excessive & uneven wear on the knuckle and plates, and poor heat treatment.
Train Parting: Uncoupling and Precautions
- Uncoupling Reasons: Lock not properly engaged, ineffective anti-creep device, uncoupling lever dropping, unauthorized tampering with uncoupling lever, or uncoupling due to vertical slipping of the knuckle.
- Precautions: Starting the train from standstill, slowly. Avoiding sudden notching up; sudden brake application from rear of train; and keeping the couplers in a stretched slack condition. Employing proper casting and maintenance of couplers for better quality.
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