Traditional Western Genre Categories Quiz

Study Notes

Different source texts require different strategic priorities. Translators must consider the purpose of both the source text (ST) and the target text (TT).
Genre is a fundamental consideration in translation, defined as a type of communicative event. Texts belong to a category in a given culture and share a communicative purpose.
Text type is often used synonymously with genre. "Genre" is derived from the 19th-century French meaning of "a kind" or category.
Most texts belong to one or more genres. Understanding genre types in the source culture and target culture is important for translators.
Source language and target language texts have similar genre characteristics.
Understanding the purpose and nature of the target text (TT) is vital to avoid source language bias and ensure the TT achieves its intended purpose.

Success for a political party depends on advocacy for freedom and human rights, empathy for the oppressed, opposition to corruption, high standards of ethical action, and translating words into meaningful deeds.

Subject matter itself isn't a reliable genre identifier. The author's attitude towards the subject matter is crucial.
Five broad categories of genres are described: literary, religious, philosophical, empirical and more broadly to traditional Arabic genres and then to modern Arabic genres

Distinguishing between oral and written texts is crucial, as the medium affects the treatment of the subject matter. Oral texts are fleeting and unrepeatable events.
Visual cues (facial expressions and gestures) enhance the meaning of oral texts.
Oral texts avoid overload, overly complex structures, and excessive speed to ensure they are easy to follow.
Oral and written texts belonging to the same genre can have different attitudes toward the subject matter.

Translation is a global business with growth surpassing world trade.
The demand for translation grew rapidly with the rise of the internet and globalization of trade.
The need for fast translation is crucial, often requiring teams of translators and specialists.

-Internationalization designs documents and software to accommodate multiple languages and cultures.

Localization adapts products for specific target markets, considering cultural requirements and expectations.

Technology includes hardware, software and techniques
Metadata documents and manages resources, individuals and tools involved in content creation and translation.
Standards like TBX and TMX help coordinate terminology and ensure consistent translation memory data exchange, enhancing efficiency and quality.

Terminology involves identifying, organizing and presenting terms for users, often in multiple languages.
Translation memories (TM) serve as databases of previously translated text segments, improving consistency and speed across projects.

Extracting terms from corpora can be done using linguistic or statistical approaches to ensure accurate and efficient results.

Interpreting involves real-time translation, unlike written translation.
Interpreting involves significant cognitive and social interaction skills.
Interpreting is distinguished by its focus on meaning comprehension, cognitive processing, and social interaction.
Interpretations are tied to time constraints and require advanced cognitive skills such as attention management and short-term memory.

Audiovisual translation includes media translations, multimedia translations, multimodal translations and screen translations.
AVT involves transferring verbal language into another language.
Audiovisual translation often involves translation for technology, but not always.

Voice-overs provide a disembodied voice over the original soundtrack, which gives a target audience a localized feel
Voice over is used commonly in formal settings and in traditional mediums like news broadcasts and documentaries

Ergonomics combines human factors and work environment to optimize efficiency and well-being of the translators.
Translation workflows and communication are affected by physical, cognitive and organizational factors.
Language technology impacts the translation process, with benefits but also challenges