Traditional Theories of Health and Disease
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Questions and Answers

What term describes the totality of socially transmitted patterns of thoughts, values, meanings, and beliefs?

  • Culture (correct)
  • Superstitions
  • Tradition
  • Mythology

    • Which of the following is NOT a personalistic view associated with Filipino traditional beliefs?

  • Nakulam
  • Gaba (correct)
  • Nabalis
  • Nabarang

    • What is the primary goal of achieving cultural competency according to the provided content?

  • Bridging the cultural divide between patient and health professional (correct)
  • Understanding global health issues
  • Enhancing traditional medical practices
  • Promoting personal beliefs in healthcare

    • Which of the following terms is used to describe 'sakit' in the context of Filipino beliefs?

    <p>Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'pagtatawas' primarily associated with in Filipino traditional medicine?

    <p>Divination or diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'hilot'?

    <p>A technique involving palpation and massage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural belief is associated with the term 'nuno' in Filipino practices?

    <p>A mythical creature causing illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cultural awareness is correct?

    <p>It is essential for understanding a patient's worldview.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of an albularyo in a community?

    <p>Delivering babies and providing prenatal care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do some albularyos handle payments for their services?

    <p>They may accept donations or impose no fee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modern approach do some albularyos utilize for convenience?

    <p>Online consultations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common belief related to the ailments caused by creatures such as na-nuno and na-dwende?

    <p>They significantly alter treatment methods like tapal and bulong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of umbilical cord care mentioned in the context of delivery in impoverished communities?

    <p>Basic knowledge of this care is often shared among friends and relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a healthy person in Filipino?

    <p>Malusog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to being ill in Filipino?

    <p>May sakit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Filipino traditional medicine, what condition is associated with the concept of 'pasmado'?

    <p>Affecting bodily warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of calling someone 'payat' in health terms?

    <p>They are not fully developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'kalusugan' mean in Tagalog?

    <p>Health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the Filipino worldview on mental illness?

    <p>Possession by a demon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'matamlay' imply about a person's health?

    <p>They are lethargic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a personalistic cause of illness in Filipino culture?

    <p>Gaba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Filipino concept of health emphasize?

    <p>Harmony between humankind and nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is generally avoided in Filipino culture after childbirth?

    <p>Taking a shower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior do tikbalang exhibit that traps victims?

    <p>Transforming into familiar faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with the MYOC gene mutation?

    <p>Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome for victims who encounter a tikbalang?

    <p>They may return after a few days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary diet for aswang?

    <p>Fetuses and internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure is primarily affected in Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma?

    <p>Trabecular meshwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tikbalang and aswang commonly get confused?

    <p>Both can shapeshift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the trabecular meshwork cells in affected individuals with JOAG?

    <p>They die due to elongation of protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of a tikbalang?

    <p>They are known for their benevolent nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one belief associated with eating ice cream before duty?

    <p>It leads to experiencing minimal patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which superstition is related to the activities one engages in the night before duty?

    <p>Engaging in 'dirty living' results in a toxic duty the next day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the use of cultural health practices provide to patients?

    <p>A perceived sense of control over outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dr. Chua, what kind of practices does the Bible imply are detestable?

    <p>Fortune telling and astrology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT mentioned as a reputed consequence of eating pansit or spaghetti during duty?

    <p>It guarantees a peaceful duty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which verse does Dr. Chua reference to support his perspective on certain health practices?

    <p>Deuteronomy 18:9-14.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the humorous way group members deal with toxic duty as mentioned?

    <p>Asking if someone engaged in 'dirty living'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes compassion in the context mentioned by Dr. Chua?

    <p>It should always be accompanied by strong medical knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief regarding eating twin bananas?

    <p>It can lead to birthing twins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common explanation for mysterious ailments in Filipino culture?

    <p>A supernatural or mystical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Nuno sa Punso' translate to in English?

    <p>Ancestor living in the anthill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the behavior of a Manananggal when hunting?

    <p>It leaves its lower torso behind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the Kapre in Filipino mythology?

    <p>A tree giant with violent tendencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the Malaligno to exhibit violent tendencies?

    <p>When their tree is threatened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tikbalang is characterized by which features?

    <p>A man's body and horse's head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Nuno believed to inhabit?

    <p>Inside caves and trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of saying 'tabi-tabi po'?

    <p>To ask the Nuno to stand aside.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Manananggal significant in discussing miscarriages and stillbirths?

    <p>It is believed to cause these conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of spirit is a Duwende described as?

    <p>A playful goblin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is NOT mentioned as a possible explanation for miscarriages?

    <p>Curse from a spirit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location associated with the Nuno in folklore?

    <p>Anthills and termite mounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key abilities of the Tikbalang?

    <p>To transform into a human.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Traditional Theories of Health and Disease

    • Why Study Filipino Medicine?
      • To improve cultural competency among Filipino physicians, nurses, dentists, and other health professionals
      • WHO recommended integrating traditional medicine into medical education and primary healthcare since 1978
      • World Health Assembly resolutions since 1981 encouraged member states to incorporate traditional medicine
      • Philippine policies support this integration through the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC, Republic Act 8433, 1997)
      • Patients frequently seek complementary and alternative medicine.

    The Philippines

    • Ethnolinguistic groups with distinct cultural identities and health practices
    • Diverse beliefs, traditions, myths, and superstitions impacting healthcare
    • Cultural awareness is essential for effective healthcare

    Culture and Cultural Awareness

    • Culture encompasses socially transmitted thoughts, values, meanings, and beliefs (Purnell, 2005)
    • Culture is not limited to ethnicity, location, language, religion, etc., including sexual orientation and socioeconomic status
    • It shapes an individual's worldview and decisions about healthcare.
    • Cultural awareness is a prerequisite to cultural competency.
    • Often a significant cultural divide exists between patient and healthcare provider.

    Sakit

    • Sakit can mean disease, illness, or pain
    • Disease refers to abnormalities in body structure/function (Eisenberg, 1977)
    • Illness relates to the patient's subjective experience of being unwell and how those around them perceive it
    • Personal and cultural factors shape the experience and response to illness.

    Filipino Terminologies for Illness and Health

    • "Kalusugan" is the Filipino word for health, rooted in "lusog" meaning full development
    • "Mataba" (fat/obese), "malusog" (healthy), "payat" (thin) describe health statuses.
    • "May sakit" (ill) describes someone unable to perform daily tasks, indicating illness.

    Filipino Traditional Medicine's Definition of Health and Wellness

    • Health is a state of harmony, balance, and synergy among humankind, the universe, and nature.

    Causes of Illnesses in Filipino

    • Naturalistic:
      • Pasma (cold/heat imbalance)
      • Nabinat/Nabughat (excessive fatigue)
      • Namamana (inherited illness)
      • Lihi (pregnancy cravings, pregnancy related illnesses)
      • Dietary prohibitions
    • Personalistic:
      • Nabali/Nabuyagan/Nabati (mishap, misfortune)
      • Binangungot (night terror, nightmares)
      • Nakulam/Nabarang (sorcery)
      • Sinapian (possessed by a malicious entity)
      • Nuno, Duwende, Tikbalang, Kapre, Manananggal (e.g evil spirits)
      • Nagayuma (love potion, charm, spell)
      • Sumpa (curse)
      • Gaba (bad luck, karma)
      • Kaloob ng Diyos (God's will)

    Diagnostic Tools, Therapies, and Prevention in Filipino Traditional Medicine

    • Faith Healers (Albularyo):
      • Knowledge of folklore for diagnosis and treatment
      • Often in families, a continuum of ability
      • Use rituals, herbal remedies, prayers to assist healing
    • Pagtatawas:
      • Ritual using various materials to diagnose illness (candles, eggs, mirrors, etc) to determine the root of evil spirits/misfortunes.
    • Hilot:
      • Palpation and massage for musculoskeletal and musculoligamentous ailments
    • Magpapaanak:
      • Traditional midwives, often with experience in delivering babies
    • Suob:
      • Postpartum care ritual involving herbal ingredients and practices
    • Tapal:
      • Practice of placing a cloth with a treatment/prayer on individuals experiencing illness.
    • Red Dot:
      • Kapampangan practice using red dots or red lipstick

    Other Filipino Traditions

    • Anting-anting: Charms believed to protect the wearer from evil spirits and hexes
    • Weapons to fight Aswang: Garlic, palm leaves, etc.

    Additional Themes

    • Disease vs. Illness: Explains the difference between a medical diagnosis and the subjective experience of illness
    • Explanatory Models of Disease: Highlights how patients' cultural beliefs and explanatory models impact their understanding, treatment decisions, and coping mechanisms.
    • Naturalistic and Personalistic Models: Categorization of illness etiology that is important to understand Filipino Traditional Medicine's etiology and etiology to explain the cause of illnesses
    • Comparisons with Other Traditional Systems: Highlights similarities/differences to other traditional healing systems from different regions in the world, emphasizing that traditional medicinal approaches and belief systems can change depending on culture or region.

    Key Points

    • Traditional Beliefs influence health-seeking behaviors
    • Cultural contexts shape understandings of illness/disease
    • Traditional healers play significant roles in rural communities
    • Modern medicine, despite its efficacy, sometimes cannot adequately account for all illnesses.

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    Related Documents

    Module 4: Traditional Theories of Health and Disease PDF

    Description

    Explore the significance of Filipino Medicine in enhancing cultural competency among health professionals. This quiz delves into the integration of traditional practices into healthcare, supported by Philippine policies and WHO recommendations. Understand the impact of diverse cultural identities on health practices and the importance of cultural awareness in effective healthcare delivery.

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