Questions and Answers
Macrolinguistics deals with the study of language in its position as an independent natural phenomenon.
False
Micro-linguistics focuses on the external structure of language in general.
False
Micro-linguistics takes a broad view of linguistic phenomena, studying the contexts in which language is used and its development over time.
False
Macro-linguistics studies language from within.
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Micro-linguistics studies language in relation to factors outside of language.
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Micro-linguistics is concerned with the internal structure of a particular language.
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Macro-linguistics studies the internal structure of language itself.
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Micro-linguistics studies language in its position as something complex.
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Micro-linguistics deals with the study of language extensively.
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Micro-linguistics focuses on the details at the level of the language itself, including its sounds, grammatical structures, syntax, and meanings.
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Study Notes
Traditional Grammar
- Originated in 15th century B.C. in Greece and India
- Developed by Plato, Aristotle, and Sanskrit scholar Panini
- Roman and early-Christian-era writers also contributed to Traditional grammar
- Most influential Traditional grammarians wrote in the 18th century, around the time English became a separate language
- Features of Traditional grammar:
- Based on meaning
- Analyzes sentences from meaning to form
- Often gives surface-level descriptions, not at a discourse level
- Describes written language, neglecting oral language
- Lacking in constructive analysis and translation in applied linguistics
Transformational-Generative Grammar (TG Grammar)
- Developed by Noam Chomsky
- Appeared in 1957, revolutionizing linguistics
- Synthesis of Traditional grammar and Structural grammar
- Stages of development:
- Classical theory
- Standard theory
- Extended theory
- Revised extended theory
- Features of TG Grammar:
- Combines syntax, phonology, lexicon, and semantics
- Provides an overall conception of the language system
- Gives a more economical and systematic description of language
- Rules are clear and formally explicit
- Shows great generalizing power, clarifying underlying structures and regularities
- Admits the existence of linguistic universals and analysis between languages at the level of deep structure
Modern Linguistics vs. Traditional Grammar
- Modern linguistics is not Traditional grammar
- Traditional grammar:
- Focuses on correct usage of language
- Guides distinction between correct and false rules of speech
- Relates words to their meanings
- Evaluates and criticizes language
- Modern linguistics:
- Macro-linguistics: studies language extensively, in its external context
- Micro-linguistics: studies language in a narrow manner, focusing on internal structure
- Macro-linguistics takes a broad view of linguistic phenomena, studying context and development over time
- Micro-linguistics focuses on language details, including sounds, grammatical structures, syntax, and meanings
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