Trade Winds and Westerlies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is atmospheric pressure?

  • The force exerted by the wind on the earth's surface
  • The force exerted by the weight of the air molecules below the earth's surface per unit area
  • The force exerted by the weight of the air molecules above the earth’s surface per unit area (correct)
  • The force exerted by the weight of the earth's surface per air molecule

    • What is the primary cause of air motion (wind)?

  • Gravitational force
  • Increase in temperature
  • Decrease in temperature
  • Variation in atmospheric pressure (correct)

    • How are atmospheric pressure and temperature related?

  • Unpredictably related
  • Directly related
  • Inversely related (correct)
  • Not related

    • How is atmospheric pressure measured?

    <p>By a barometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level?

    <p>1013.25 mb (millibar)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does atmospheric pressure change with increasing altitude?

    <p>It rapidly decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the storm over the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean?

    <p>600-1200 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction do tropical cyclones mostly move?

    <p>East to west</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for temperate cyclones?

    <p>Extra-tropical cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays an important role in temperate cyclones and influences their direction from west to east?

    <p>Jet streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do tropical cyclones make landfall?

    <p>Eastern coasts of continents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clouds may drift into the outer region from the eye wall during torrential rains?

    <p>Cumulus clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the homogeneous surfaces over which air masses form?

    <p>Source regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which air mass is classified as moist and warm?

    <p>Maritime tropical (mT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary zone between different air masses called?

    <p>Front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of front remains stationary?

    <p>Stationary front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region are fronts uncommon?

    <p>Tropical regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the atmospheric disturbances involving a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at the center and high pressure at the periphery called?

    <p>Cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hemisphere do tropical cyclones rotate anti-clockwise?

    <p>Northern hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cyclone develops in the region between the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer?

    <p>Tropical cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT favorable for the formation of tropical cyclones?

    <p>$60°C$ sea surface temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the center of a mature tropical cyclone called?

    <p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of weather is associated with warm fronts?

    <p>Moderate to gentle rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a cold front of a rotating low pressure system catches up with a warm front?

    <p>Occlusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the trade winds?

    <p>They flow between 30°N and 30°S latitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the westerlies blow from in the southern hemisphere?

    <p>South-west</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of a sea breeze during the day?

    <p>The air over the land warms and expands leading to the formation of a low pressure zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tertiary winds?

    <p>Winds blowing only during a particular period of the day or year in a small area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wind is characterized by bringing reddish sand from the Sahara desert?

    <p>Sirocco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an air mass?

    <p>It has little horizontal variation in temperature and moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the westerlies?

    <p>They flow between 30°N and 60°N in the northern hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of mountain breeze?

    <p>During the night, slopes get heated up and air moves up the slope, while air from the valley blows up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines secondary winds?

    <p>They change their direction in different seasons and are characterized by seasonal reversal of wind direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes North American local winds - Chinook?

    <p>They are warm, dry westerly off the Rocky Mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes land breeze?

    <p>The land loses heat faster than water, forming a low pressure zone leading to land breeze at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes African winds - Khamsin?

    <p>They are dry, hot and sandy wind blowing from North Africa to eastern Mediterranean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an isobar?

    <p>An imaginary line connecting places of uniform atmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does closely spaced isobars indicate?

    <p>A steep pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the equatorial low-pressure belt lie?

    <p>Between 0°N to 5°N and 0°S to 5°S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the winds that blow from the subtropical high-pressure belt towards the equatorial low-pressure belt called?

    <p>Trade winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the subtropical high-pressure belt?

    <p>Horse Latitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of the subpolar low-pressure belt?

    <p>Warm westerly winds colliding with cold polar easterly winds and rising up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pressure belts are formed due to high and low temperature respectively?

    <p>Equatorial low pressure and polar high pressure belts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the Hadley cell model?

    <p>George Hadley in 1735</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

    <p>Barometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the atmosphere behave with an increase in temperature?

    <p>The air expands, leading to a decrease in pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of air motion (wind)?

    <p>Pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level?

    <p>$1013.25$ mb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does atmospheric pressure change with increasing altitude?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the atmospheric disturbances involving a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at the center and high pressure at the periphery called?

    <p>Cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cyclone forms over both land and water and covers a larger area than tropical cyclones?

    <p>Extra-tropical cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays an important role in the direction of temperate cyclones from west to east?

    <p>Jet streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average diameter of a tropical cyclone over the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean?

    <p>1200 - 1500 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cyclone predominantly moves along with the direction of trade winds?

    <p>Tropical cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atmospheric disturbances involving a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at the center and high pressure at the periphery are characteristic of tropical cyclones?

    <p>Eye wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region do temperate cyclones occur in both the hemispheres?

    <p>30°-60° latitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to an imaginary line connecting places of uniform atmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level?

    <p>Isobar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the belt of calm at the equatorial low-pressure belt?

    <p>Doldrums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of a high-pressure belt along the subtropical region?

    <p>The warm westerly winds move towards the poles and collide with cold polar easterly winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell features part of the air rising at 60° latitude that flows towards poles and descends towards the subpolar region?

    <p>Polar Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the horizontal movement of air from high pressure zones to low pressure areas?

    <p>Wind Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to measure the speed of the wind?

    <p>Anemometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of winds are also called planetary winds, blow constantly throughout the year, and are invariable?

    <p>Primary Winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of primary winds?

    <p><strong>Trade Winds, Westerlies, Easterlies</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells set the pattern for what?'

    <p><strong>General Circulation of the Atmosphere</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'At which latitude does part of the air rise and flow towards poles, descending in the sub-tropics?'

    <p><strong>60°</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What type of belts are formed due to high and low temperature respectively?'

    <p>Thermally Formed Pressure Belts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What is the name given to an instrument that measures the speed of the wind?'

    <p>Anemometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the westerlies?

    <p>They blow from subpolar low pressure belts towards subtropical high pressure belts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of a sea breeze during the day?

    <p>The land heats up faster than water, creating a low pressure zone over the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes African winds - Sirocco?

    <p>Dry, hot and sandy wind that blows from North Africa to the eastern Mediterranean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of weather is associated with warm fronts?

    <p>Steady rain or drizzle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes North American local winds - Chinook?

    <p>(snow eater) These are warm dry westerly off the Rocky Mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of land breeze during the night?

    <p>The air over the land becomes cooler than the air over the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main source regions for air masses?

    <p>The high pressure belts in the subtropics and around the poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary zone between two different air masses called?

    <p>Front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the convergence of two distinct air masses?

    <p>Frontogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of front is formed when a warm air mass moves towards the cold air mass?

    <p>Warm front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atmospheric disturbances involve a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at center and high pressure at the periphery?

    <p>Cyclones and anticyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the center of a mature tropical cyclone called?

    <p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of front brings significant precipitation along the front?

    <p>Stationary front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hurricanes' in the Atlantic, 'Typhoons' in the Western Pacific, and 'Cyclones' in the Indian ocean are all names for which atmospheric disturbance?

    <p>Tropical cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays an important role in the direction of temperate cyclones from west to east?

    <p>Jet streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes tropical air masses?

    <p>Warm and moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the rapid decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude?

    <p>The vertical pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an increase in temperature have on atmospheric pressure?

    <p>It causes the air to expand and the pressure to decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of air motion (wind) according to the given information?

    <p>The vertical pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Barometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At sea level, what is the average atmospheric pressure as stated in the text?

    <p>1013.25 mb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of the vertical distribution of atmospheric pressure as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Decrease with height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the movement of tropical cyclones from east to west?

    <p>Influence of the trade winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes temperate cyclones from tropical cyclones in terms of their formation?

    <p>Formation over both land and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the movement of temperate cyclones?

    <p>West to east orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant impact of tropical cyclones on coastal lowlands?

    <p>Creation of storm surges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric feature plays a crucial role in the development and direction of temperate cyclones?

    <p>Jet streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average diameter of a tropical cyclone over the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean?

    <p>600 - 1200 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of air motion (wind)?

    <p>Rotation of the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an air mass?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the westerlies blow from in the southern hemisphere?

    <p>Polar high-pressure belt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the westerlies?

    <p>Cyclonic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Coriolis force in atmospheric circulation?

    <p>Deflecting wind direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells set the pattern for what?'

    <p>Atmospheric circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'At which latitude does part of the air rise and flow towards poles, descending in the sub-tropics?'

    <p>60°N to 65°N and 60°S to 65°S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What type of belts are formed due to high and low temperature respectively?'

    <p>'Thermally formed pressure belts'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What is another name for temperate cyclones?'

    <p>'Extratropical cyclones'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'How is atmospheric pressure measured?'

    <p>'Barometer'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes tropical air masses?

    <p>Warm and moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tertiary winds?

    <p>Localized winds influenced by topography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of front is formed when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass and goes underneath it?

    <p>Occluded front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary zone between different air masses called?

    <p>Front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the westerlies?

    <p>Strongly influenced by the Coriolis force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the homogeneous surfaces over which air masses form?

    <p>Source regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the atmospheric disturbances involving a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at center and high pressure at the periphery called?

    <p>Cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of winds are also called planetary winds, blow constantly throughout the year, and are invariable?

    <p>Trade winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What characterizes African winds - Sirocco?'

    <p>Blows from the Sahara to the Mediterranean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What is another name for temperate cyclones?'

    <p>'Extratropical cyclones'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'In which direction does atmospheric pressure change with increasing altitude?'

    <p>'Decreases'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Where do tropical cyclones make landfall?'

    <p>'Coastal regions'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of the subpolar low-pressure belt?

    <p>Cold air from high altitudes meeting warm air from low altitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT favorable for the formation of tropical cyclones?

    <p>High vertical wind speed variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wind is characterized by bringing reddish sand from the Sahara desert?

    <p>Sirocco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction do tropical cyclones predominantly move?

    <p>West to East</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the Hadley cell model?

    <p>George Hadley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of weather is associated with warm fronts?

    <p>Stable, steady rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a cold front of a rotating low-pressure system catches up with a warm front?

    <p>Occlusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the subtropical high-pressure belt?

    <p>Horse latitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the atmosphere behave with an increase in temperature?

    <p>Expands and exerts more pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hurricanes' in the Atlantic, 'Typhoons' in the Western Pacific, and 'Cyclones' in the Indian Ocean are all names for which atmospheric disturbance?

    <p>Tropical cyclone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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