Trade Winds and Westerlies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is atmospheric pressure?

  • The force exerted by the wind on the earth's surface
  • The force exerted by the weight of the air molecules below the earth's surface per unit area
  • The force exerted by the weight of the air molecules above the earth’s surface per unit area (correct)
  • The force exerted by the weight of the earth's surface per air molecule

What is the primary cause of air motion (wind)?

  • Gravitational force
  • Increase in temperature
  • Decrease in temperature
  • Variation in atmospheric pressure (correct)

How are atmospheric pressure and temperature related?

  • Unpredictably related
  • Directly related
  • Inversely related (correct)
  • Not related

How is atmospheric pressure measured?

<p>By a barometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level?

<p>1013.25 mb (millibar) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does atmospheric pressure change with increasing altitude?

<p>It rapidly decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the storm over the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean?

<p>600-1200 km (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction do tropical cyclones mostly move?

<p>East to west (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for temperate cyclones?

<p>Extra-tropical cyclones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays an important role in temperate cyclones and influences their direction from west to east?

<p>Jet streams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do tropical cyclones make landfall?

<p>Eastern coasts of continents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of clouds may drift into the outer region from the eye wall during torrential rains?

<p>Cumulus clouds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the homogeneous surfaces over which air masses form?

<p>Source regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which air mass is classified as moist and warm?

<p>Maritime tropical (mT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary zone between different air masses called?

<p>Front (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of front remains stationary?

<p>Stationary front (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region are fronts uncommon?

<p>Tropical regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the atmospheric disturbances involving a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at the center and high pressure at the periphery called?

<p>Cyclones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which hemisphere do tropical cyclones rotate anti-clockwise?

<p>Northern hemisphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cyclone develops in the region between the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer?

<p>Tropical cyclones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT favorable for the formation of tropical cyclones?

<p>$60°C$ sea surface temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the center of a mature tropical cyclone called?

<p>Eye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of weather is associated with warm fronts?

<p>Moderate to gentle rainfall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a cold front of a rotating low pressure system catches up with a warm front?

<p>Occlusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the trade winds?

<p>They flow between 30°N and 30°S latitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the westerlies blow from in the southern hemisphere?

<p>South-west (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of a sea breeze during the day?

<p>The air over the land warms and expands leading to the formation of a low pressure zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are tertiary winds?

<p>Winds blowing only during a particular period of the day or year in a small area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wind is characterized by bringing reddish sand from the Sahara desert?

<p>Sirocco (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an air mass?

<p>It has little horizontal variation in temperature and moisture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the westerlies?

<p>They flow between 30°N and 60°N in the northern hemisphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of mountain breeze?

<p>During the night, slopes get heated up and air moves up the slope, while air from the valley blows up (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines secondary winds?

<p>They change their direction in different seasons and are characterized by seasonal reversal of wind direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes North American local winds - Chinook?

<p>They are warm, dry westerly off the Rocky Mountains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes land breeze?

<p>The land loses heat faster than water, forming a low pressure zone leading to land breeze at night (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes African winds - Khamsin?

<p>They are dry, hot and sandy wind blowing from North Africa to eastern Mediterranean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an isobar?

<p>An imaginary line connecting places of uniform atmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does closely spaced isobars indicate?

<p>A steep pressure gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the equatorial low-pressure belt lie?

<p>Between 0°N to 5°N and 0°S to 5°S (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the winds that blow from the subtropical high-pressure belt towards the equatorial low-pressure belt called?

<p>Trade winds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the subtropical high-pressure belt?

<p>Horse Latitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of the subpolar low-pressure belt?

<p>Warm westerly winds colliding with cold polar easterly winds and rising up (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pressure belts are formed due to high and low temperature respectively?

<p>Equatorial low pressure and polar high pressure belts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Hadley cell model?

<p>George Hadley in 1735 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

<p>Barometer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the atmosphere behave with an increase in temperature?

<p>The air expands, leading to a decrease in pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of air motion (wind)?

<p>Pressure gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level?

<p>$1013.25$ mb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does atmospheric pressure change with increasing altitude?

<p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the atmospheric disturbances involving a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at the center and high pressure at the periphery called?

<p>Cyclones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cyclone forms over both land and water and covers a larger area than tropical cyclones?

<p>Extra-tropical cyclones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays an important role in the direction of temperate cyclones from west to east?

<p>Jet streams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average diameter of a tropical cyclone over the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean?

<p>1200 - 1500 km (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cyclone predominantly moves along with the direction of trade winds?

<p>Tropical cyclones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What atmospheric disturbances involving a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at the center and high pressure at the periphery are characteristic of tropical cyclones?

<p>Eye wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region do temperate cyclones occur in both the hemispheres?

<p>30°-60° latitude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to an imaginary line connecting places of uniform atmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level?

<p>Isobar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the belt of calm at the equatorial low-pressure belt?

<p>Doldrums (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of a high-pressure belt along the subtropical region?

<p>The warm westerly winds move towards the poles and collide with cold polar easterly winds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell features part of the air rising at 60° latitude that flows towards poles and descends towards the subpolar region?

<p>Polar Cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the horizontal movement of air from high pressure zones to low pressure areas?

<p>Wind Systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure the speed of the wind?

<p>Anemometer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of winds are also called planetary winds, blow constantly throughout the year, and are invariable?

<p>Primary Winds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of primary winds?

<p><strong>Trade Winds, Westerlies, Easterlies</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells set the pattern for what?'

<p><strong>General Circulation of the Atmosphere</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'At which latitude does part of the air rise and flow towards poles, descending in the sub-tropics?'

<p><strong>60°</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What type of belts are formed due to high and low temperature respectively?'

<p>Thermally Formed Pressure Belts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What is the name given to an instrument that measures the speed of the wind?'

<p>Anemometer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the westerlies?

<p>They blow from subpolar low pressure belts towards subtropical high pressure belts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of a sea breeze during the day?

<p>The land heats up faster than water, creating a low pressure zone over the land (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes African winds - Sirocco?

<p>Dry, hot and sandy wind that blows from North Africa to the eastern Mediterranean (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of weather is associated with warm fronts?

<p>Steady rain or drizzle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes North American local winds - Chinook?

<p>(snow eater) These are warm dry westerly off the Rocky Mountains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of land breeze during the night?

<p>The air over the land becomes cooler than the air over the ocean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main source regions for air masses?

<p>The high pressure belts in the subtropics and around the poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary zone between two different air masses called?

<p>Front (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the convergence of two distinct air masses?

<p>Frontogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of front is formed when a warm air mass moves towards the cold air mass?

<p>Warm front (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What atmospheric disturbances involve a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at center and high pressure at the periphery?

<p>Cyclones and anticyclones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the center of a mature tropical cyclone called?

<p>Eye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of front brings significant precipitation along the front?

<p>Stationary front (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Hurricanes' in the Atlantic, 'Typhoons' in the Western Pacific, and 'Cyclones' in the Indian ocean are all names for which atmospheric disturbance?

<p>Tropical cyclones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays an important role in the direction of temperate cyclones from west to east?

<p>Jet streams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes tropical air masses?

<p>Warm and moist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the rapid decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude?

<p>The vertical pressure gradient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in temperature have on atmospheric pressure?

<p>It causes the air to expand and the pressure to decrease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of air motion (wind) according to the given information?

<p>The vertical pressure gradient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure as mentioned in the text?

<p>Barometer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At sea level, what is the average atmospheric pressure as stated in the text?

<p>1013.25 mb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the vertical distribution of atmospheric pressure as mentioned in the text?

<p>Decrease with height (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the movement of tropical cyclones from east to west?

<p>Influence of the trade winds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes temperate cyclones from tropical cyclones in terms of their formation?

<p>Formation over both land and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the movement of temperate cyclones?

<p>West to east orientation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant impact of tropical cyclones on coastal lowlands?

<p>Creation of storm surges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atmospheric feature plays a crucial role in the development and direction of temperate cyclones?

<p>Jet streams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average diameter of a tropical cyclone over the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean?

<p>600 - 1200 km (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of air motion (wind)?

<p>Rotation of the Earth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an air mass?

<p>Temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the westerlies blow from in the southern hemisphere?

<p>Polar high-pressure belt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the westerlies?

<p>Cyclonic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Coriolis force in atmospheric circulation?

<p>Deflecting wind direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells set the pattern for what?'

<p>Atmospheric circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'At which latitude does part of the air rise and flow towards poles, descending in the sub-tropics?'

<p>60°N to 65°N and 60°S to 65°S (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What type of belts are formed due to high and low temperature respectively?'

<p>'Thermally formed pressure belts' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What is another name for temperate cyclones?'

<p>'Extratropical cyclones' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'How is atmospheric pressure measured?'

<p>'Barometer' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes tropical air masses?

<p>Warm and moist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are tertiary winds?

<p>Localized winds influenced by topography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of front is formed when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass and goes underneath it?

<p>Occluded front (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary zone between different air masses called?

<p>Front (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the westerlies?

<p>Strongly influenced by the Coriolis force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the homogeneous surfaces over which air masses form?

<p>Source regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the atmospheric disturbances involving a closed circulation of air around a low pressure at center and high pressure at the periphery called?

<p>Cyclones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of winds are also called planetary winds, blow constantly throughout the year, and are invariable?

<p>Trade winds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What characterizes African winds - Sirocco?'

<p>Blows from the Sahara to the Mediterranean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What is another name for temperate cyclones?'

<p>'Extratropical cyclones' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'In which direction does atmospheric pressure change with increasing altitude?'

<p>'Decreases' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Where do tropical cyclones make landfall?'

<p>'Coastal regions' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of the subpolar low-pressure belt?

<p>Cold air from high altitudes meeting warm air from low altitudes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT favorable for the formation of tropical cyclones?

<p>High vertical wind speed variations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wind is characterized by bringing reddish sand from the Sahara desert?

<p>Sirocco (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction do tropical cyclones predominantly move?

<p>West to East (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Hadley cell model?

<p>George Hadley (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of weather is associated with warm fronts?

<p>Stable, steady rain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a cold front of a rotating low-pressure system catches up with a warm front?

<p>Occlusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the subtropical high-pressure belt?

<p>Horse latitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the atmosphere behave with an increase in temperature?

<p>Expands and exerts more pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Hurricanes' in the Atlantic, 'Typhoons' in the Western Pacific, and 'Cyclones' in the Indian Ocean are all names for which atmospheric disturbance?

<p>Tropical cyclone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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