Trade Protectionism: Reasons and Impacts

In the context of trade policy outcomes, what model focuses on protection for sale?

According to Fernandez and Rodrik (1991), why do countries tend to have an anti-trade bias?

What do Dhingra (2014) findings add to the discussion about the Median Voter Model?

Why do democracies not perfectly fit the assumptions of the Protection for Sale model according to Grossman and Helpman (1994)?

What characteristic of congressional districts is considered in Baldwin and Magee's (1998) study on trade negotiations?

Which concept suggests that some industries should receive domestic subsidies due to generating positive externalities?

How does the Median Voter Theorem predict policies when established by majority vote?

What is the main implication of lobbying in the Protection for Sale model according to Grossman and Helpman?

In what way does Economic and geographic concentration help interest groups overcome costs of collective action?

Why might some industries vanish due to free trade, according to Grossman and Helpman's argument?

What is one of the reasons that can explain trade liberalization from 1990 to 2016?

Why do exporters become more powerful relative to import-competing producers as tariffs decline abroad?

What effect does unilateral liberalization have on joining global value chains?

Which theory suggests that left-out countries are incentivized to sign Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)?

Why do countries lower tariffs unilaterally according to the text?

How does the reciprocity principle impact exporters' lobbying efforts?

Which factor contributes to exporters' increased power when tariffs decline abroad?

What does the Juggernaut effect imply for exporters lobbying for free trade agreements?

What motivates countries to sign Free Trade Agreements according to the Domino theory?

What benefit does unilateral liberalization offer in terms of specialization?

What is a key reason why trade protectionism is appealing to some?

How did import restrictions on sugar in 1998 affect US sugar industry profits?

What was the estimated annual cost to US consumers due to the wire hanger antidumping duties in 2008?

Why did the US Department of Commerce impose antidumping duties on wire clothes hangers from China in 2008?

Who benefited the most from import restrictions on sugar in 1998?

Which group among the following was NOT identified as a loser due to trade protectionism in the text?

How did Olson's asymmetry contribute to the appeal of trade protectionism?