Trade and Settlement Discounts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a trade discount?

  • To reward customers for paying early.
  • To reduce the price of a product for a specific customer or group. (correct)
  • To promote a particular product by offering a seasonal sale.
  • To encourage customers to buy in bulk.

How is settlement discount calculated?

  • It is calculated as a percentage of the list price.
  • It is calculated as a fixed amount subtracted from the list price.
  • It is calculated as a percentage of the price after trade discount is applied. (correct)
  • It is calculated based on the volume of goods purchased.

If a customer receives a 15% trade discount and a 2% settlement discount on an item with a list price of €100, what is the final price they pay?

  • €98
  • €83.30
  • €82.60 (correct)
  • €85

Why is it beneficial for a supplier to offer trade discounts?

<p>It helps the supplier to avoid having to update their price list constantly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common term for a trade discount?

<p>Quantity discount (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an invoice shows a trade discount of 10% and a settlement discount of 5%, what is the net price the customer pays if the list price is €500?

<p>€425 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a settlement discount instead of simply changing the list price?

<p>It allows the supplier to offer a time-limited incentive to customers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does trade discount differ from settlement discount?

<p>Trade discount is calculated on the list price, settlement discount is calculated on the net price. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to an incorporated business as compared to a sole proprietorship?

<p>Limited liability for its owners. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a not-for-profit organization?

<p>To fulfill a charitable, religious, or educational purpose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for businesses to keep accurate financial records?

<p>To provide information for stakeholders to assess business performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a director of an incorporated business do with funds taken out of the business for personal use?

<p>Enter it into the Directors Loan Account. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the tax obligations of not-for-profit organizations?

<p>They are generally exempt from paying taxes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of keeping a set of accounts?

<p>To track the financial transactions of the business. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might stakeholders want to see a company's financial records?

<p>To assess the business’s financial performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in set-up between an incorporated business and an owner-managed business?

<p>An incorporated business is generally more complex and expensive to establish. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym PEARLS represent in a business context?

<p>Purchases, Expenses, Assets, Revenues, Liabilities, Sales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of financial statement primarily measures profit?

<p>Trading, Profit and Loss Account (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an expense in the context of PEARLS?

<p>Bank Loan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating profit, what happens if revenues exceed expenses?

<p>The business has made a profit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a liability?

<p>Accruals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item would be categorized as an asset?

<p>Stationery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a balance sheet?

<p>To present the financial position of the business at a specific point in time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of financial statements?

<p>To provide a comprehensive overview of the business’s financial situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Gross Profit?

<p>Sales minus Cost of Sales (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following directly impacts the calculation of Net Profit?

<p>Gross Profit and business expenses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the value of a business determined using a Balance Sheet?

<p>Total Assets minus Total Liabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Chart of Accounts in accounting?

<p>To classify and arrange accounts for proper ledger management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which items are placed into the Trading, Profit and Loss Account?

<p>Income and Expenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of grouping similar items in the Chart of Accounts?

<p>To ease the generation of financial reports (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be deducted from Capital on a Balance Sheet?

<p>Drawings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT included in the calculation of Gross Profit?

<p>Total Operating Expenses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a credit controller in a business?

<p>To assess and manage client credit risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should credit checks be performed on clients?

<p>Before granting credit terms to each client (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a stage payment plan?

<p>Payments made at different stages throughout a project (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a business owner do if a customer disputes an invoice?

<p>Resolve the issue within the same payment cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method to follow up on late payments?

<p>Utilize a 1, 2, 3 contact method: email, phone call, visit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to write clear guidelines regarding credit terms?

<p>To ensure consistency and professionalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should businesses do concerning interest on late payments?

<p>Charge interest to enforce consequences for late payments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology can assist in improving the efficiency of credit control?

<p>Cloud software with automated statements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of computerised accounting over manual accounting?

<p>Computerised accounting is more prone to errors due to manual data entry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the primary duty of a professional in terms of confidentiality?

<p>To protect confidential information obtained through professional and business relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would NOT be considered a violation of professional behaviour?

<p>Maintaining a high standard of work. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Data Protection, what is the primary obligation when handling personal information?

<p>To process data in a manner that is both lawful and fair. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding maintaining a professional standard?

<p>Maintaining the reputation of the profession. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a difference between manual accounting and computerised accounting?

<p>Manual accounting is more secure than computerised accounting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for avoiding actions that bring oneself or one's client/employer into disrepute?

<p>It can damage the reputation of the profession. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the primary purpose of complying with relevant laws and regulations?

<p>To uphold the ethical standards of the profession. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Limited Liability

A business structure where the owners' personal liability is limited to the value of the business's assets.

Incorporated Business

A legal entity separate from its owners. It has its own legal obligations and must pay corporation tax on its profits.

Unincorporated Business

A type of business where the owner is personally liable for all debts and obligations.

Business Records

A record of all financial transactions related to a business's operations.

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Sales Revenue

The money a business earns, usually from selling goods or services.

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Cost of Goods Sold

Money spent by a business on acquiring goods for resale.

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Expenses

Expenses incurred by a business, including utilities, rent, and salaries.

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Profit

The amount of money a business earns after deducting all expenses.

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What are Accounts Receivable?

Money owed to a business by customers for goods or services already provided.

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What are Purchases?

The cost of goods or services a business sells. This is the initial value of the items you buy to sell later.

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What are Expenses?

The cost of running a business, including rent, salaries, and utilities.

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What are Assets?

Anything the business owns that has a monetary value and will last for more than one accounting period.

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What is Revenue?

The money a business earns from selling goods or services.

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What are Liabilities?

Money owed by a business to others, including suppliers, lenders, and employees.

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What is Net Profit?

The profit a business makes after deducting all expenses from all revenues.

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What is an Income Statement?

A report that shows a business's financial performance over a period of time.

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Gross Profit

The value of goods or services sold minus the direct costs incurred in producing those goods or services.

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Net Profit

The value of goods or services sold minus the direct costs incurred in producing those goods or services, and all other operating expenses.

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Balance Sheet

A financial statement that represents a snapshot of a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.

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Assets

The total value of all items owned by a business, including cash, inventory, and equipment.

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Liabilities

The total value of all obligations owed by a business to others, including loans, accounts payable, and accrued expenses.

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Equity

The ownership stake in a business, calculated as the difference between assets and liabilities.

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Chart of Accounts

A structured list of accounts that helps categorize and track all financial transactions within a business.

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Trading, Profit and Loss Account

A financial statement that summarizes a business's income and expenses over a period of time.

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List price

The original price of a product before any discounts are applied. It's the price you might see in a catalog or advertisement.

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Trade discount

A discount offered to specific customers or groups to encourage purchases or promote products. This discount is usually given by the supplier.

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Settlement discount

A discount given to customers for making early payments. This encourages prompt payment and helps suppliers manage cash flow.

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Net price

The price a customer pays after all discounts are applied.

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Net price calculation

Calculating the net price involves first applying the trade discount and then the settlement discount.

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Discount rate

The percentage reduction offered in a trade or settlement discount.

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Payment percentage

The percentage you pay after a trade or settlement discount is applied.

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Trade discount priority

Settlement discount is applied after the trade discount has been factored in.

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Payment Reminders

A system where reminders are sent to clients proactively before their payment due date to encourage timely payments.

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Prioritize Debts

Regularly reviewing the outstanding payments and prioritizing the oldest or largest debts for prompt resolution.

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1, 2, 3 Late Payment System

Using a range of communication tools and methods, such as email, phone calls, and even personal visits, to follow up on late payments.

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Agreeing Payment Terms

Setting clear payment terms with clients and ensuring they acknowledge and understand those terms.

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Accurate Invoicing

Actively checking the accuracy of invoices to avoid errors and maintain professionalism.

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Automated Statements

Implementing a system where statements are sent to customers automatically on a regular basis.

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Respond to Disputes

Promptly addressing any disputes raised by clients to ensure timely payment.

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Aged Debtors Report

Using software to monitor and track your accounts receivable, providing insights into the age of outstanding debts.

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Confidentiality

A professional responsibility to maintain the privacy of information obtained through professional and business relationships, and not disclose it to others without proper authorization unless legally obligated.

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Professional Behaviour

Adhering to laws and regulations that prevent actions that could damage the reputation of the profession, ensuring both your professional and your client's reputation stays intact.

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Manual Accounting

The recordkeeping system that uses physical papers and notebooks to track financial transactions, making it susceptible to mistakes due to manual input.

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Computerised Accounting

A system that relies on specialized software to record and manage financial transactions, providing greater accuracy and efficiency.

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Data Protection

A set of laws that protect personal information and ensure its handling is lawful, fair, and transparent, particularly when working with client, supplier, and employee data.

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Study Notes

Sole Trader

  • A sole trader is a single owner of a business.
  • Straightforward and inexpensive to set up.
  • The owner has full responsibility for business debts.
  • The business is not a separate legal entity from the owner.
  • Money and assets introduced by the owner are called capital.
  • Money or goods withdrawn by the owner are called drawings.
  • Drawings reduce the capital owed to the owner.
  • Sole traders pay income tax on business profits, regardless if they take profit out or not.

Partnership

  • A partnership is similar to a sole trader but has multiple owners.
  • Partners invest capital and manage daily operations.
  • Partners are responsible for business debts.
  • Income tax is paid on the profits, not the business itself.
  • Money and assets introduced by partners are called capital.
  • Money withdrawn by partners are called drawings.
  • Drawings reduce the capital owed by the business to the partner.

Limited Company (LTD)

  • Has a separate legal identity from its owners.
  • Owners/directors have limited liability.
  • Business debts are limited to the business's assets.
  • Pays corporation tax.
  • More complex and expensive to set up.
  • Money taken out by directors for personal use is recorded in a director's loan account.

Not-for-Profit Organisation

  • Includes religious, charitable, or educational businesses.
  • Not focused on profit-making.
  • Usually an incorporated business.
  • Often run by volunteers and/or paid staff.
  • Financially responsible.

Keeping Business Records

  • A business keeps records of financial transactions.
  • Records show earnings, expenditures (e.g., sales, goods purchases, utility bills).
  • Records show profits/losses and money withdrawals.
  • Records are called a set of books or accounts (bookkeeper/accountant).
  • Helps track performance and assess tax.

Transactions

  • Any business activity involving an exchange of money (or equivalent).
  • Includes selling, buying, loans, and capital investment.

Ledger

  • A book that collects all financial information.
  • Types: General ledger, Debtor's ledger, Creditor's ledger. These can be physical books or software.
  • Ledger accounts hold information for specific items (e.g., Motor vehicles, Capital, Purchases).

Capital

  • Owner's initial investment in business.
  • Business's equity.
  • Represents debt owed to the owners.

Drawings

  • Money withdrawn by owners from the business.
  • Reduces the capital owed to the owners.
  • Not used in calculating profit.

Purchases

  • Items or services acquired for business use.
  • If for resale, recorded as purchases.
  • If not for resale, recorded as expenses.

Expenses

  • Costs incurred in daily business operations.
  • Examples: salaries, rent, utilities, advertising.
  • Two types: revenue (day-to-day spending) and capital (acquiring long-term assets like buildings).

Assets

  • Items owned or controlled by the business.
  • Two types: current (used up quickly, like cash or inventory) and non-current/fixed (buildings, equipment).
  • Tangible assets are those you can touch (land, buildings).
  • Intangible assets are those you can't touch (brand names, goodwill).

Revenue (income)

  • Income from sales.
  • Income from other sources (e.g., interest, rental).
  • Capital investment/loans are not classified as revenue.

Liabilities

  • Monies a business owes (debts).
  • Categorized as current (due within a year) or non-current (due later).
  • Capital is a special liability: the money owed to the owners.

Financial Statements

  • Reports about a business's financial situation.
  • Two primary types: Trading, Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet.

Trading, Profit & Loss Account

  • Shows revenue and expenses to determine profit/loss.
  • Gross profit = sales (revenue) - cost of sales.
  • Net profit = gross profit - all other expenses.

Balance Sheet

  • Shows a business's assets, liabilities, and capital at a specific point in time.
  • Assets = liabilities + capital.

Manual vs. Computerised Accounting

  • Manual relies on paper, prone to errors, requires more physical space.
  • Computerized uses software, less prone to errors, stores data electronically, process transactions quicker, offers clear audit trails, needs fewer people, provides real-time information.

Data Protection

  • Businesses have obligations to protect client, supplier and staff data.
  • Data should be collected, processed and stored lawfully, fairly, transparently, for specific purposes, kept only as long as needed, accurate, relevant, not excessive.

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