Podcast
Questions and Answers
What did the Japanese students learn by watching the videotape of the TPR German lesson?
What did the Japanese students learn by watching the videotape of the TPR German lesson?
- They learned more items because they could focus on observing without the distraction of performing actions.
- They learned how to perform the actions themselves.
- They learned approximately the same number of items as the students who performed the actions. (correct)
- They did not learn anything because they weren't actively participating.
What is a drawback of Total Physical Response regarding homework?
What is a drawback of Total Physical Response regarding homework?
- Students have limited options to review or gain knowledge outside the classroom without recordings. (correct)
- Students can't practice speaking at home.
- Students require specialized equipment to practice at home.
- Students need a partner to practice effectively at home.
What is an advantage of Total Physical Response (TPR)?
What is an advantage of Total Physical Response (TPR)?
- It relies heavily on written exercises, which promote literacy.
- It enables students to learn to communicate in speech in a natural way and relatively quickly. (correct)
- It discourages speaking in the early stages, reducing anxiety.
- It produces students who can read and write well.
What is particularly crucial for TPR method?
What is particularly crucial for TPR method?
What issue does the content raise concerning the use of Total Physical Response (TPR) with adult learners?
What issue does the content raise concerning the use of Total Physical Response (TPR) with adult learners?
Which method might complement TPR effectively?
Which method might complement TPR effectively?
What happens after the teacher has determined that the students are firm in understanding what they have learned?
What happens after the teacher has determined that the students are firm in understanding what they have learned?
For which stage of second-language learning is TPR most suitable?
For which stage of second-language learning is TPR most suitable?
According to the provided text, what is a key consideration when deciding whether to use TPR with adult learners?
According to the provided text, what is a key consideration when deciding whether to use TPR with adult learners?
In Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), what are 'functions' primarily concerned with?
In Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), what are 'functions' primarily concerned with?
What is a typical starting point for lessons in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
What is a typical starting point for lessons in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
According to the information provided, what is the role of the students' native language in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
According to the information provided, what is the role of the students' native language in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
What is the primary emphasis of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
What is the primary emphasis of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
What does Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) allow into the classroom?
What does Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) allow into the classroom?
How might a teacher incorporate audiolingual techniques into a Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) classroom?
How might a teacher incorporate audiolingual techniques into a Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) classroom?
What organizational principle typically guides the syllabus design in Content-Based Instruction (CBI) courses?
What organizational principle typically guides the syllabus design in Content-Based Instruction (CBI) courses?
What aspects of teaching materials are most important in Content-Based Instruction (CBI)?
What aspects of teaching materials are most important in Content-Based Instruction (CBI)?
In CBI, what is expected of students regarding their learning process?
In CBI, what is expected of students regarding their learning process?
What role do other students play in CBI courses?
What role do other students play in CBI courses?
What is a potential disadvantage of CBI for students?
What is a potential disadvantage of CBI for students?
What is a reported drawback for teachers in CBI programs?
What is a reported drawback for teachers in CBI programs?
Why might some students prefer traditional classrooms over CBI classrooms?
Why might some students prefer traditional classrooms over CBI classrooms?
Which of the following aligns with the active teacher role in CBI?
Which of the following aligns with the active teacher role in CBI?
What primary factor initially hindered the widespread adoption of CALL systems in foreign language departments during the 1980s?
What primary factor initially hindered the widespread adoption of CALL systems in foreign language departments during the 1980s?
How did the introduction of microchip technology and the Internet impact the use of computers in education?
How did the introduction of microchip technology and the Internet impact the use of computers in education?
What did studies in the 1990s reveal about computer access in educational institutions in the United States?
What did studies in the 1990s reveal about computer access in educational institutions in the United States?
According to the research, what was the situation regarding CALL usage across educational facilities in Canada by the 1990s?
According to the research, what was the situation regarding CALL usage across educational facilities in Canada by the 1990s?
What percentage of public school teachers in the USA were reported to be using computers for teaching or curriculum design by the late 1990s?
What percentage of public school teachers in the USA were reported to be using computers for teaching or curriculum design by the late 1990s?
What is considered the most significant advantage of CALL for language learners?
What is considered the most significant advantage of CALL for language learners?
Apart from cost, what is mentioned as a significant problem that hinders the widespread use of CALL?
Apart from cost, what is mentioned as a significant problem that hinders the widespread use of CALL?
What conclusion does the content draw regarding the effectiveness of different teaching methods?
What conclusion does the content draw regarding the effectiveness of different teaching methods?
In second language acquisition, what is the primary role of translation when providing meaning?
In second language acquisition, what is the primary role of translation when providing meaning?
What distinguishes learning a language through direct experience from learning through translation?
What distinguishes learning a language through direct experience from learning through translation?
What does 'explication' involve in grammar learning?
What does 'explication' involve in grammar learning?
How does learning grammar by 'induction' differ from learning by 'explication'?
How does learning grammar by 'induction' differ from learning by 'explication'?
In the context of language learning, explication and induction are contrasting approaches. What mainly differentiates them!
In the context of language learning, explication and induction are contrasting approaches. What mainly differentiates them!
According to the information provided, what has been the trend in second language teaching methods since the 1980s?
According to the information provided, what has been the trend in second language teaching methods since the 1980s?
If a teacher wants to instruct students on the English sentence structure of Subject + Verb + Object using 'induction', what approach might they use?
If a teacher wants to instruct students on the English sentence structure of Subject + Verb + Object using 'induction', what approach might they use?
A language teacher shows students a real apple while saying 'This is an apple.' Which language acquisition approach does this best represent?
A language teacher shows students a real apple while saying 'This is an apple.' Which language acquisition approach does this best represent?
What is a primary goal of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
What is a primary goal of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
Which teaching method is CLT most associated with in terms of its approach?
Which teaching method is CLT most associated with in terms of its approach?
What is one way a teacher might assist a student struggling to express a thought in CLT?
What is one way a teacher might assist a student struggling to express a thought in CLT?
Which methods share the characteristic of emphasizing natural speech as mentioned in the text?
Which methods share the characteristic of emphasizing natural speech as mentioned in the text?
In what context might grammatical explanations or structure drills be used in CLT?
In what context might grammatical explanations or structure drills be used in CLT?
What is the Natural Approach?
What is the Natural Approach?
What is NOT a characteristic of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
What is NOT a characteristic of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
Why has CLT become a widespread teaching method?
Why has CLT become a widespread teaching method?
Flashcards
Translation in Language Learning
Translation in Language Learning
Using the native language to explain meanings of target language items.
Direct Experience Learning
Direct Experience Learning
Learning meanings through exposure to objects or situations, not translation.
Explication
Explication
Explaining grammatical rules in the native language.
Induction
Induction
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Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) Order
Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) Order
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Grammar-Translation Method
Grammar-Translation Method
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Natural Method
Natural Method
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Audiolingual Method
Audiolingual Method
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Total Physical Response (TPR)
Total Physical Response (TPR)
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Role of observation in learning
Role of observation in learning
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Progress measure in TPR
Progress measure in TPR
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TPR and communication
TPR and communication
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Limitations of TPR
Limitations of TPR
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TPR in adult learning
TPR in adult learning
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Curriculum support for TPR
Curriculum support for TPR
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TPR and homework
TPR and homework
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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
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Functions in speech
Functions in speech
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Notions in language
Notions in language
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Speech Acts
Speech Acts
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Real-life situations in CLT
Real-life situations in CLT
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Grammar Translation method (GT)
Grammar Translation method (GT)
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Audiolingual techniques
Audiolingual techniques
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Eclectic method
Eclectic method
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Direct Method
Direct Method
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Natural Approach
Natural Approach
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Speech Understanding
Speech Understanding
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Community Language Learning
Community Language Learning
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Content-Based Instruction (CBI)
Content-Based Instruction (CBI)
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Syllabus Organization
Syllabus Organization
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Active Role of Teacher
Active Role of Teacher
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Authentic Materials
Authentic Materials
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Student Collaboration
Student Collaboration
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Self-Directed Learning
Self-Directed Learning
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Double Workload for Teachers
Double Workload for Teachers
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Potential Overwhelm for Students
Potential Overwhelm for Students
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CALL Systems
CALL Systems
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Advantages of CALL
Advantages of CALL
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Disadvantages of CALL
Disadvantages of CALL
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Impact of Technology on Education
Impact of Technology on Education
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Prevalence of Computers in Education (1990s)
Prevalence of Computers in Education (1990s)
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Role of CALL in Classrooms
Role of CALL in Classrooms
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Limitations of Teaching Methods
Limitations of Teaching Methods
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Goals in Teaching Method Selection
Goals in Teaching Method Selection
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Study Notes
Second-Language Teaching Methods
- Second-language teaching is a field combining theoretical and practical aspects of psycholinguistics.
- Language-teaching methods can be categorized by three dimensions:
- Language Focus: Speech Communication vs. Literature
- Meaning Learning: Direct Experience vs. Translation
- Grammar Learning: Induction vs. Explication
- Methods emphasizing speech communication (e.g., most methods besides Grammar-Translation) prioritize oral language skills.
- Grammar-Translation focuses on reading, writing, and translation of written texts. Literacy is seen as foundational for speech communication.
- Direct experience (e.g., demonstration) is contrasted with translation methods for vocabulary and meaning acquisition.
- Grammar learning can be explicit (explanation in the native language) or implicit (inducing rules from examples).
Grammar-Translation Method
- GT is characterized by explicit grammar explanations using the native language and translating vocabulary and structures.
- It has been used since ancient times in Greece, Rome, and other ancient civilizations.
- The grammar component later became more prominent than translation.
- GT focuses on reading and written comprehension of texts in the target language.
- GT methods include textbooks with reading materials, translations, vocabulary lists, and grammar exercises.
- It is widely used in some countries but is not appropriate for all learners, especially younger ones without strong written skills.
Natural Method
- A reaction to Grammar-Translation, emphasizing a more natural approach to language acquisition, similar to how children learn their first language.
- Learners acquire language through direct exposure to everyday situations and natural interactions via speech and gestures.
- The method emphasizes speech comprehension before speaking.
- It's associated with Comenius, Rousseau, and Pestalozzi, and further developed in the 19th century by Sauveur and Gouin.
Direct Method
- Emerging from the Natural Method, requiring the use of the target language exclusively for explanations when teaching.
- Emphasizes using the target language entirely for all interactions, materials, and activities.
- Emphasizes spoken comprehension and speech production, while de-emphasizing translation.
- The Direct Method can be used in larger classes and for self-study using graded materials.
Audiolingual Method
- ALM emerged from American linguistics and psychology (especially Behaviorism).
- Structure linguistics, including simple sentence patterns, is a core component of the Audiolingual Method.
- ALM emphasizes the imitation, repetition, and memorization of grammatical patterns.
- It focuses on spoken language and oral drills.
Offbeat methods (e.g., Cognitive Code, Community Language Learning, Silent Way, Suggestopedia)
- These methods have arisen since the 1960s but haven't achieved widespread acceptance or longevity.
Total Physical Response
- A "natural"-type method where learners understand the target language through physical actions and demonstrations by the teacher.
- It emphasizes first understanding then output of spoken language.
- Classroom activities focus on instructions and tasks, such as “stand up,” “sit down,” and using real objects.
Content-Based Instruction
- Organizing the syllabus around specific topics and subtopics aligned with language goals.
- Uses authentic materials and examples from real-world contexts.
- Combining language learning with the study of a specific subject matter.
Task-based Language Teaching
- Focusing on communicative tasks to enhance language acquisition.
- Students' work on tasks fosters better communication skills.
- Using real-life tasks, such as giving directions, or solving problems, engages learners and builds communicative competency.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning
- Utilizing technology to create interactive learning experiences or enhance existing learning methods.
- CALL can be utilized for language drilling, grammar or lexical tasks, allowing students to practice individually or in groups.
- It may include access to online resources and specific software geared towards language learning..
Goals for Method Selection
- Method selection must consider what goals are prioritized from learner perspective and for the institution
- Different methods have different strengths related to specific learner goals for both speech (oral comprehension and speaking) and literacy (reading and writing) skills.
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