Toxicology Overview Quiz
32 Questions
7 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What defines Persistent Organic Pollutants (P.O.P.s)?

  • They are resistant to environmental degradation processes. (correct)
  • They do not bioaccumulate in living organisms.
  • They are easily biodegradable organic compounds.
  • They cause immediate acute reactions upon exposure.

What is the main effect of neurotoxins on the body?

  • They enhance nerve tissue repair.
  • They provide protection against other toxins.
  • They adversely affect the function of nerve tissue. (correct)
  • They improve neurological function.

Which of the following statements about mutagens is true?

  • They are agents that have immediate effects on the immune system.
  • They can increase DNA modifications in organisms. (correct)
  • They are only present in natural environments.
  • They solely affect physical health without altering DNA.

What are teratogens known to disrupt?

<p>Fetal and embryonic development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes acute effects?

<p>They cause severe symptoms that occur rapidly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of allergens?

<p>Antigens that produce an abnormal immune response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does risk assessment typically analyze?

<p>Combined efforts to identify and evaluate potential negative events. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic effects in organisms develop primarily due to:

<p>Prolonged exposure to low concentrations of hazards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a contributor to disease emergence?

<p>Vaccination programs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for the emergence of antibiotic resistance?

<p>Antibiotics' ineffectiveness against certain diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does climate change influence the spread of diseases?

<p>By altering the habitats of zoonotic vectors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) primarily classified as?

<p>A prion disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is known to have a high mortality rate of up to 90% in humans?

<p>Ebola hemorrhagic fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a zoonotic disease?

<p>Influenza A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does economic development impact disease emergence?

<p>Promotes antibiotic resistance through livestock practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does changing human susceptibility have on disease emergence?

<p>Increases risks due to immunocompromising conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines carcinogens?

<p>Agents that promote cancer development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of pesticides?

<p>To eliminate disease vectors and pests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do selective herbicides function?

<p>They interfere with the growth of specific weeds without harming desired crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of fungicides?

<p>To kill parasitic fungi and their spores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ovicide?

<p>A substance formulated to kill insect eggs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of environmental health?

<p>To address disease-causing external factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is NOT typically associated with morbidity and mortality?

<p>Crop rotation techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does risk management primarily involve?

<p>Prioritization and coordinated response to risks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of health according to the World Health Organization (W.H.O)?

<p>A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1977, which disease was declared completely eradicated?

<p>Smallpox (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chronic diseases accounts for nearly 60% of total deaths worldwide each year?

<p>Chronic diseases overall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to the persistence of tuberculosis in certain regions?

<p>Poverty and social inequality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease is highlighted as still causing millions of deaths despite advances in health care?

<p>Infectious and emergent diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common health issue affects children under the age of 5 in the developing world?

<p>Diarrhea and acute respiratory illnesses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has not been identified as a contributing factor to the breakdown of public health?

<p>Economic stability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen group is NOT mentioned as a threat to human health?

<p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Persistent Organic Pollutants (P.O.P.s)

Organic compounds resistant to environmental breakdown.

Allergen

An antigen that triggers a strong immune response.

Neurotoxin

Harmful to nerve tissue.

Mutagen

Causes changes in DNA.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Teratogen

Disrupts fetal development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute effect

Severe, rapid symptoms from exposure to a toxin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic effect

Slow, long-term symptoms from low-level exposure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risk assessment

Analyzing potential harm to people or environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carcinogen

A substance or agent that promotes cancer development, damaging the genome or disrupting cell metabolism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risk Management

Evaluating, prioritizing, and identifying risks, then using resources wisely to control, monitor, and minimize negative outcomes, or maximize opportunities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pesticide

Chemical compounds used to get rid of pests like insects, rodents, fungi, and weeds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Herbicide

A pesticide used to kill unwanted plants (weeds).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Insecticide

Substances used to eliminate or control insects, including ovicides (insect eggs) and larvicides (insect larvae).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fungicide

Chemical compounds that kill fungi or their spores, which can damage crops.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Morbidity and Mortality Factors

Factors contributing to illness (morbidity) and death (mortality) including diet, infectious agents, genetics, toxins, injury, and stress.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental Health

Focuses on external factors causing disease (e.g., natural, social, cultural, and technological factors).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Health

A state of complete well-being, encompassing physical, mental, and social aspects, not just the absence of disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Disease

An abnormal change in the body's state, impairing its essential functions, affecting both psychological and physical aspects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Global Health Burden

A comprehensive assessment of the impact of diseases, injuries, and risk factors on health, measuring mortality and disability worldwide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Infectious Diseases

Diseases caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, or parasites, which can spread from person to person or through the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Diseases

Long-term conditions that persist over time, often affecting multiple body systems, contributing significantly to global health burden.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factors Affecting Health

Various influences on health, including poverty, inequality, war, and environmental factors, contributing to disease burden.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Breakdown of Public Health

A decline in public health systems and infrastructure, leading to increased vulnerability to diseases and health challenges.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bioterrorism

The intentional use of biological agents to cause harm, posing a serious public health threat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ecological Epidemiology

The study of how infectious diseases spread in populations and communities, considering the interactions between hosts, pathogens, and parasites.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Microbial Adaptation

Changes in microbes, like genetic drift or shift, allowing them to survive and spread more efficiently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Changing Human Susceptibility

Factors like weakened immune systems (e.g., HIV/AIDS) make people more vulnerable to infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Climate and Weather Impact

Changes in weather patterns can influence the spread of diseases carried by insects or animals (e.g., West Nile virus spread by mosquitoes).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Population Changes and Trade

Increased travel and interactions between people can rapidly spread diseases (e.g., COVID-19).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antibiotic Resistance

Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factors Leading to Disease Emergence

Several factors contribute to the rise of new diseases, including microbial adaptation, human susceptibility, climate change, population changes, and economic development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the difference between genetic drift and genetic shift?

Genetic drift is a random change in gene frequency in a population, while genetic shift involves a sudden change in the genetic makeup of a microbe (e.g., through mutation).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Toxicology

  • A scientific discipline that overlaps with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine
  • Involves studying adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms
  • Includes diagnosing and treating exposure to toxins

Allergens

  • Antigens that produce a strong immune response
  • Immune system targets and fights threats
  • Allergens trigger allergic reactions when recognized by the immune system

Neurotoxins

  • Destructive to nerve tissue
  • Extensive class of exogenous chemicals
  • Can negatively affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue

Mutagens

  • Physical or chemical agents
  • Increase DNA modifications by altering an organism's DNA

Teratogens

  • Agents that disrupt embryonic or fetal development
  • Can cause congenital disabilities or pregnancy loss
  • Includes radiation, infections, chemicals, and drugs

Carcinogens

  • Substances or agents that promote cancer development (carcinogenesis)
  • Cause genome damage or disrupt cellular processes

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

  • Organic compounds resistant to environmental degradation
  • Bioaccumulate and have detrimental effects on the environment and human health
  • Also called "forever chemicals"

Acute Effects

  • Rapid, severe physiological reactions in humans or animals due to exposure
  • Can lead to chronic health effects if the cause isn't removed

Chronic Effects

  • Adverse effects that develop slowly
  • Caused by prolonged exposure to low concentrations of hazardous substances

Risk Assessment

  • Comprehensive effort to identify and analyze potential events that affect individuals, assets, and the environment
  • Judgments on risk tolerance

Risk Management

  • Evaluation, prioritization, and identification of risks
  • Application of resources to control, monitor, and minimize risks or maximize opportunities

Pesticides

  • Chemical compounds used to eliminate pests
  • Includes insects and other harmful organisms

Environmental Health and Toxicology

  • Focuses on diseases caused by external environmental factors
  • Natural factors, social factors, cultural factors, and technological factors are considered.

Global Burden of Disease (GBD)

  • Comprehensive regional and global research program
  • Assesses mortality and disability from major diseases, injuries, and risk factors.

Health

  • State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
  • More than just the absence of disease or infirmity

Disease

  • Abnormal condition in the body's psychological and physical functions

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Toxicology PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of toxicology, including the effects of allergens, neurotoxins, mutagens, teratogens, and carcinogens on living organisms. This quiz delves into the scientific principles and implications of these substances in medicine and biology.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser