12 Questions
What is the main focus of Toxicology?
Detecting and treating toxic substances
How are drugs defined in the context of the text?
Chemicals that affect the brain by activating neurons
Which process involves drug absorption into the body?
Metamorphosis
What does doping refer to in the context of the text?
Administration of drugs for enhancing sporting performance
How do drugs primarily affect the brain according to the text?
By mimicking natural neurotransmitters
What are the key processes involved in drug kinetics (pharmacokinetics)?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
What is considered an Anti-doping Rule Violation?
Evading, refusing, or failing to submit to sample collection
Which of the following is NOT an example of an Anabolic Androgenic Agent?
Stimulants
What is the main aim of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)?
To bring consistency to anti-doping policies and regulations worldwide
Which hormone mimics natural hormones to regulate the body's functions?
Glucocorticoids
What type of substances are EPO and HGH, as mentioned in the text?
Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics
'Whereabouts failures' in anti-doping refer to what action?
'Filing Failures'
Study Notes
Toxicology
- Scientific study of adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms
- Involves observing and reporting symptoms, mechanisms, detection, and treatments of toxic substances
What is a Drug?
- Substance with physiological effects when ingested or introduced into the body
- Can be legal (alcohol, caffeine, tobacco) or illegal (cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine)
- Interacts with receptors on cell surfaces or enzymes within cells
How Do Drugs Work?
- Affect the brain by tapping into its communication system
- Interfere with neuron communication and processing
- Examples: marijuana and heroin, which mimic natural neurotransmitters
Pharmacokinetics
- Body's actions to deal with a drug: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Doping Control
- Administration of drugs to enhance sporting performance
- Considered a doping violation if:
- Presence of prohibited substance or its metabolites in an athlete's sample
- Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method
- Evading, refusing, or failing to submit to sample collection
- Whereabouts failures
- Tampering or attempted tampering with the doping control process
- Possession of prohibited substance or method
- Trafficking or attempted trafficking
- Administration or attempted administration to an athlete
- Complicity
- Prohibited Association
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
- Founded to bring consistency to anti-doping policies and regulations
- Works in conjunction with six International Standards
- Focuses on testing, investigations, laboratories, therapeutic use exemptions, protected list of prohibited substances and methods, code compliance, and privacy
Prohibited Substances and Methods
- Anabolic Agents
- Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, and Related Substances
- Beta-2 Agonists
- Hormone and Metabolic Modulators
- Diuretics and Masking Agents
- Stimulants
- Narcotics
- Cannabinoids
- Glucocorticoids
- Steroids
- Anabolic Androgenic Agents (e.g., Clenbuterol, Testosterone, Stenbolone, Formebolone)
- Examples: EPO (erythropoietin) and HGH (human growth hormone)
Test your knowledge on toxicology, the scientific study of adverse effects caused by chemicals, and drug classification. Learn about symptoms, mechanisms, detection, treatments of toxic substances, and the different categories of drugs - legal and illegal.
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