Toxicology M2 - Types of Doses
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Questions and Answers

What is the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) in the context of toxicology?

  • The dose that causes immediate and severe adverse effects
  • The highest dose at which no adverse effects are observed (correct)
  • The dose at which some adverse effects are observed but not significant harm
  • The lowest dose at which adverse effects are observed

    • At what level does the term 'response' in toxicology refer to observable symptoms or health effects?

  • Molecular Level
  • Organism Level (correct)
  • Organ Level
  • Cellular Level

    • Which primary route of entry involves breathing in toxic substances?

  • Ingestion
  • Inhalation (correct)
  • Injection
  • Dermal (Skin) Contact

    • What does it mean when receptors in the body become saturated in the context of toxicology?

    <p>They are fully occupied, and increasing the dose further won't produce more of a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Threshold (No Observable Effect Level - NOEL) in the context of toxicology?

    <p>A level of exposure below which no adverse effects are observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dose response is characterized by no observable effect below a certain dose threshold?

    <p>Threshold Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of dose response does the response increase at a rate greater than the increase in dose, often exhibiting a curve on a graph?

    <p>Nonlinear (Supralinear) Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dose response is directly proportional to the dose, with the response increasing at a consistent rate as the dose increases?

    <p>Linear Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dose response exhibits a plateau where further increases in dose do not lead to additional effects?

    <p>Saturation Effect (Plateau)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dose response may have no impact until a minimum amount is reached?

    <p>Threshold Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dose response is characterized by the response increasing at a rate greater than the increase in dose, often exhibiting a curve on a graph?

    <p>Nonlinear (Supralinear) Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In toxicology, what is the significance of the Threshold Effect?

    <p>It suggests that no observable effect occurs below a certain dose threshold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of effect is observed when the response plateaus after reaching a certain dose, and further increases in dose do not lead to additional effects?

    <p>Saturation Effect (Plateau)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dose response may have no impact until a minimum amount is reached?

    <p>Threshold Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines the Linear Effect in toxicology?

    <p>The response is directly proportional to the dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of toxicology, what does the term 'saturated receptors' refer to?

    <p>Receptors in the body that are fully occupied, leading to no further response with increased dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biological reaction or effect does the term 'response' in toxicology refer to?

    <p>Changes in gene expression or alterations in cellular signaling pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary route of entry involves absorption through the skin in toxicology?

    <p>Dermal (Skin) Contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum dose at which no adverse effects are observed in toxicology?

    <p>Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dose-response is characterized by no observable effect below a certain dose threshold?

    <p>Threshold (No Observable Effect Level - NOEL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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