10 Questions
What percentage of load reduction is recommended on lake-ice compared to river-ice?
15%
What color hue is associated with the strongest form of ice?
Black or Blue
What type of ice is commonly found as new ice floating after a heavy snowfall?
Slush Ice
How does a vehicle traveling on ice affect the underlying water?
It creates a resonance wave in the underlying water
What is the result of a resonance wave affecting the ice?
An ice failure or blowout may occur
What is the speed limit on ice roads for a loaded vehicle?
25 km/h
What is the primary factor affecting the maximum allowable mass of a vehicle on ice?
Thickness of the ice
Why are cracks in ice a concern when traveling on it?
They can affect the ability of the ice to support a load
What is the primary difference between clear blue lake-ice and slush ice?
Strength
Why is it important to consider the thickness of ice when traveling on it?
It affects the maximum allowable mass of a vehicle
Study Notes
Calculating Combined TLV
- The combined TLV is calculated using the formula: C1/T1 + C2/T2 + ... + Cn/Tn = Dose
- Where C is the concentration and T is the threshold limit value
- If Dose is greater than 1, the TLV for the mixture has been exceeded
Toxic Substances
- Median Lethal Dose (LD 50) is the dose of a toxic substance that would be fatal for 50% of a test population
- Median Lethal Concentration (LC 50) is the concentration of a toxic substance that would be fatal for 50% of a test population
- Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) refers to a condition posing immediate danger to life or health
Measuring Concentrations
- Airborne particulate concentrations are measured in milligrams per cubic meter of air (mg/m3)
- Gaseous concentrations are measured in parts per million or % by volume
Explosive Limits and Relative Density
- Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is the minimum concentration of a gas or vapor that will ignite when exposed to an ignition source
- Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) is the maximum concentration of a gas or vapor that will ignite when exposed to an ignition source
- Relative density (vapour density or specific gravity) is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard substance
pH Scale
- pH scale measures a substance's acidity or alkalinity
- pH scale ranges from 0 to 14
- pH below 7 indicates acidity, pH above 7 indicates basicity or alkalinity, and pH 7 indicates neutrality
Mine Rescue
- Mine rescue teams have specific responsibilities, including controlling the scene, ensuring safety, and providing first aid
- Decision-making processes involve controlling the scene, ensuring safety, and assisting with casualty extrication and first aid
- Response elements include preparation, method of alert, establishing communication, safe travel, and arrival at the scene
Size Up
- Size up is a systematic process of gathering information and situational evaluation that continues throughout the operation
- Size up involves four parts: information gathered from the initial call, details observed en route, details observed at the scene, and ongoing evaluation
Ice Rescue
- Clear blue lake-ice is considered the strongest form of ice
- Slush ice (white hue) is weaker than clear blue lake-ice
- Cracks in ice may affect its ability to support a load
- The speed limit on ice roads is 25 km/h for a loaded vehicle and 35 km/h for an empty vehicle
This quiz covers the concept of combined Threshold Limit Value (TLV) and Median Lethal Dose (LD50) in toxicology. It explains the equation to calculate the combined TLV and how to determine if the TLV for a mixture has been exceeded.
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