GEO PP 1.2
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What is a primary aim of creating various tourist facilities along a corridor?

  • To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the area
  • To limit tourist access to specific areas
  • To promote local craftsmanship
  • To ensure the safety of all passing tourists (correct)

What does the tourism corridor primarily function as?

  • A commercial hub with no tourist engagement
  • An elongated area for arts and culture appreciation
  • A zone exclusively for residential development
  • A combination of tourist center and corridor (correct)

Which type of locations typically characterize a tourism corridor?

  • Highway rest stops only
  • Industrial zones
  • Urban city centers exclusively
  • Rivers, lakes, and seas (correct)

What is an example of a tourism corridor?

<p>A scenic highway along coastal areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Miossec’s model related to in the context of tourism?

<p>Tourism space development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of Boullón's theory of tourism space?

<p>Planning of tourism space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with tourism space?

<p>Political alliances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of tourism is primarily focused on natural landscapes?

<p>Rural tourism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does NOT typically characterize the tourism space?

<p>Global market trends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'spatial distribution' in the context of tourism space?

<p>The arrangement of tourist attractions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is essential for identifying tourism development according to evolutionary models?

<p>Planning phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the concept of 'environment' in tourism space?

<p>Natural resources availability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the distinct characteristics and features of a tourism region?

<p>Region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a tourist zone?

<p>It is the largest unit for analyzing a country's tourist space. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements covers a relatively small area?

<p>Visiting centre (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a tourist area to be functional?

<p>Good transport and communication infrastructure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is tourist space primarily determined?

<p>By observing the distribution of territorial attractions and infrastructure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category does a transit corridor belong to?

<p>Longitudinal elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a tourist center?

<p>It has attractions within a two-hour radius. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a complex in tourist space?

<p>It includes a variety of related tourist attractions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of tourist attractions required for a tourist zone?

<p>Ten (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) Model?

<p>The phases of evolution of tourism destinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding destinations and Butler's TALC Model?

<p>Destinations may avoid certain phases of the TALC. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context can Butler's TALC Model be particularly useful?

<p>Managing and planning tourism resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Miossec’s model and Butler’s model both focus on what aspect of tourism?

<p>Evolution of tourism spaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about Butler’s TALC Model?

<p>It suggests that all destinations experience decline. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is NOT part of Butler's TALC Model?

<p>Rejuvenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the TALC Model beneficial for future planning of destinations?

<p>It forecasts future trends based on past phases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be inferred about the relationship between Miossec's and Butler's models?

<p>They both explore tourism evolution though differently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of distribution tourist centers?

<p>They are locations where tourists settle for 1-3 days to visit nearby attractions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description best fits a tourist complex?

<p>It includes multiple centers and requires at least one distribution tourist center for its existence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a tourist nucleus best characterized?

<p>It is a cluster of attractions that is isolated and has limited transport access. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tourist corridors?

<p>They connect various tourist spaces for both transit and visitation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes excursion tourist centers?

<p>They accommodate tourists for a minimum of 24 hours coming from other centers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes scale tourist centers?

<p>They act as intermediate points on longer journeys and have extensive transport connections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many attractions does a tourist nucleus typically contain?

<p>Between two and nine attractions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration when using the evolutionary model of tourism development?

<p>Not all stages are as clear or long lasting as others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is included when assessing tourism resources?

<p>Tourist attractions available in the area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the inventory of tourism resources primarily focus on?

<p>Available products and attractions in the area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it useful to explain trends in tourism development?

<p>To justify the evolutionary stage of a city. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activity could be part of a class assignment focused on tourism resources?

<p>Making an inventory of tourism resources in a selected city. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the assessment of tourist resources involve?

<p>Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of attractions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of identifying tourism products?

<p>To maximize tourist spending. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of tourism resource?

<p>Current tourism regulations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the analysis of attractions contribute to tourism development?

<p>By enhancing product diversification. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential when evaluating tourist attractions?

<p>The accessibility of attractions for different tourists. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do products play in the tourism space?

<p>They enhance the quality of the tourist experience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a city underperform in its tourism sector?

<p>Lack of attractive resources or experiences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of conducting an inventory of tourism resources?

<p>It aids in strategic planning for tourism development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tourism Space

The geographic area where tourism activities take place.

Geographic Space

A concept encompassing place, spatial distribution, location, environment, territory, scale, and region.

Tourism Space: Boullón Theory

A theory by Roberto C. Boullón on how tourism spaces work. It is presented in a book on tourism space planning.

Tourist Resources

Natural attractions, historically significant sites, or other elements tourists are drawn to in a destination.

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Tourism Development Phases

Stages of a tourist destination's evolution as tourism grows and changes over time.

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Tourist Attractions

Sites, landmarks, or activities that draw tourists to a place.

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Tourist Products

The experiences and services offered to tourists in a specific destination.

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Rural Tourism

Tourism focusing on non-urban regions, often involving nature and local culture.

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Tourist Zone

The largest unit for analyzing a country's tourist space. Has at least 10 attractions close together.

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Tourist Area

A smaller region within a zone, with good transport/communication & at least 10 tourist attractions.

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Tourist Center

A city or area with many significant attractions, or nearby attractions within a 2-hour radius.

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Boullón Theory

A theory categorizing tourist elements by size (large, small, longitudinal).

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Tourist Complex

A large area with multiple related attractions or activities (large surface area element).

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Tourist Cluster

A group of attractions situated close to each other (large surface area element).

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Transit Corridor

A path used for travel between attractions (longitudinal element).

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Distribution Tourist Center

A tourist destination where travelers stay for 1-3 days to visit nearby attractions.

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Visiting Tourist Center

A tourist destination where travelers stay and revisit the same attractions daily, like beaches.

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Scale Tourist Center

A tourist destination that serves as a connection point between transportation networks, often used for long journeys.

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Excursion Tourist Center

A tourist destination that receives visitors for at least 24 hours, typically from other tourist centers.

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Tourist Unit

A concentration of smaller facilities designed to explore one or more attractions near each other.

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Tourist Nucleus

A grouping of two to nine tourist attractions, isolated in the region and connected by a road network.

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Tourism Corridor

A route connecting components of a tourist space, either for transit or visiting.

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Miossec's Tourist Space Development Model

A model that describes the stages of development a tourist space goes through, starting from a basic level of tourism and progressing to a more complex and developed stage.

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Tourist Space Development Phases

Stages of evolution a tourist space goes through, with changes in infrastructure, tourism services, and visitor types as the destination grows in popularity.

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Evolutionary Models

Models that describe the stages of growth and development a tourism destination goes through over time.

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Miossec's Model

A tourism development model that analyzes the growth of tourism spaces, focusing on the evolution of tourist resources.

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Butler's TALC Model

A model that describes the six stages of development a tourism destination goes through, from exploration to stagnation.

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Exploration Stage

The initial stage of tourism development, marked by small-scale, independent tourism and limited infrastructure.

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Involvement Stage

Growth in tourism, with increased investment and infrastructure development, but still maintaining some authenticity.

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Development Stage

Rapid expansion of tourism, with large-scale investments and a focus on attracting mass tourism.

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Stagnation Stage

The decline of a destination's attractiveness, with overcrowding, environmental damage, and a loss of authenticity.

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Inventory of Tourist Resources

The process of identifying and cataloging all the potential tourist resources within a destination, including natural attractions, cultural sites, accommodation facilities, and service providers.

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Assessment of Tourist Resources

Analyzing and evaluating the quality, potential, and suitability of tourist resources for development and marketing, considering factors like accessibility, infrastructure, and capacity.

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Study Notes

Part 1: Introduction to the Geography of Tourism - Conceptual Aspects

  • Introduction to the geography of tourism, conceptual aspects

  • Geography and tourism

  • Climate change and tourism

  • The tourism space

    • Concept and characteristics
    • Evolutionary models and identification of tourism development phase
    • Tourist resources, attractions and products
    • Tourist spaces and product diversity
      • Rural tourism
      • Mountain tourism
      • Urban tourism
      • Coastal tourism

  • The Tourism Space: Concept and characteristics

    • Geographers seek to understand the patterns of the world and break down information. Methods include dividing the world and focusing on specific parts.
    • Geographic space is described as a location without social connections.
    • Place is different from space, created by human experiences and meanings.
    • Places are interconnected, often complexly; distance can be measured between places.
    • Spatial distribution is about the geographic spread of something (a phenomenon or element) over a specific area.
    • Location has absolute (coordinate-based) and relative (positional) aspects.
    • The environment means circumstances, objects, or conditions surrounding humans. Human life and interactions with the environment are significant.
    • Territory is a claimed portion of geographic space.
    • Scale is about how geographical phenomena and problems can be examined or analyzed at different spatial levels. Cartographic scale (map representation) differs from analysis scale (analysis unit) and phenomenon (structure or process) scale.
    • A region helps geographers organize large quantities of spatial information into manageable units. Regions can be based on natural or artificial feature commonalities.

  • Environmental considerations

  • Territory

  • Scale

  • Region

Part 2: The Tourism Space - Evolutionary models and identification of tourism development phase

  • Evolutionary models
    • Changes in demand preference
    • Degradation of the physical environment
    • Change in natural and cultural attractions
  • Two models
    • The Tourism Development Model of Miossec (1977)
      • Cost increases with distance from emitting center, but land price decreases.
      • "Touristic space is found at the borders of work and power centres."
      • Tourism activity is linked to the journey time and duration of stay.
      • 5 phases of development.
      • Different theoretical assumptions.
    • TALC: Tourism Area Life Cycle of Butler (1980)
      • Based on demand behavior and carrying capacity.
      • Six phases (exploration & involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline, rejuvenation).

Part 3: The Tourism Space - Tourist resources, attractions and products

  • Tourism resources, attractions and products

  • Tourism resources

    • Existence of tourist resources is a necessity.
    • Resources necessitate a process of reconfiguration. Tourist resources must be suitable for national and international customers.
    • Inventory, enhancement, and placement on the market is necessary for the proper development of a tourism resource.

  • Tourist resource characteristics

    • Consumed or enjoyed at the site.
    • Degradation or improper use can affect value.
    • Value is relative to time, trends, and accessibility.
    • Public- vs. private-owned resources affect market placement.

  • Additional Elements for Success

    • Presence of accommodation
    • Availability of complementary services.
    • Suitable infrastructure
    • Community engagement in development
    • Institutions that promote and commercialize the space.
    • Presence of potential visitors

  • Classification of tourist resources

    • Nature-based
      • UNESCO Heritage: Tangible (churches, museums, beaches, mountains) and Intangible (folklore, collective memory)
      • OAS (1978): Natural sites, cultural and historical manifestations, folklore, scenic accomplishments, programmed events.
    • Functionality-based
      • Defert (1976, 1982): Hydrom (water-related), Phyto (natural elements), Litom (human-made), Antropom (human-related), Mnemone (collective memory)
      • Gunn (1988): Tour-circuit and longer-stay attractions
      • Burkart & Medlik (1986): Resourced-Based (basic) and Used-Oriented (for a specific use)
      • Corna Pellegrini (1973): Original and complementary resources
      • Leno Cerro (1989, 1992): Basic and complementary resources
    • Spatial characteristics
      • Isolated, linear, zonal

  • Inventory and Assessment of Tourist Resources

    • Inventory phase (stages 1-3): define study area, select classification system, field work for data verification
    • Assessment phase (stage 2): evaluate and rank resources (including weighting categories: connectivity, resource concentration, and accommodation/catering offer)
      • Numerical measurements to rank resources.

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