Tornadoes and Zombie Fires Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During which months is tornado activity in the United States typically at its peak?

  • April to October
  • February to April
  • May to August
  • March to July (correct)

What classification was given to the tornado that struck Marietta, Oklahoma?

  • EF-4 (correct)
  • EF-2
  • EF-5
  • EF-3

How many tornadoes were reported across the nation during the peak of the outbreak from April 25 to 28, 2024?

  • 300 (correct)
  • 100
  • 182
  • 400

Which of the following states experienced the highest number of tornadoes during the reported outbreak?

<p>Oklahoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant impacts of the tornado in Minden, Iowa?

<p>It destroyed 48 homes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of zombie fires allows them to spread undetected?

<p>They are largely flameless and occur underground. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is NOT mentioned as being prone to zombie fires?

<p>Australia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor complicating firefighters' ability to combat zombie fires?

<p>Remote locations that are hard to access. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many zombie fires were estimated to be active in British Columbia this year?

<p>93 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the environmental conditions that contribute to the occurrence of zombie fires?

<p>Cool coniferous forests with thick layers of vegetation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of NASA's X-59 aircraft?

<p>To enable supersonic flight without creating a sonic boom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate speed of sound in mph?

<p>768 mph (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographic feature significantly contributes to the formation of tornadoes in Tornado Alley?

<p>The intersection of various air masses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is NASA using for the X-59 aircraft?

<p>Quiet SuperSonic Technology (QueSST) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As of May 12, 2024, how many tornadoes had been reported across the US?

<p>133 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from an aircraft breaking the sound barrier?

<p>A sonic boom that can shake buildings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the goals expressed by Peter Coen regarding the X-59?

<p>To advance supersonic flight while ensuring safety and reduced noise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What atmospheric conditions lead to the formation of tornadoes?

<p>Warm, moist tropical air interacts with cold, dry polar air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between ordinary thunderstorms and supercells?

<p>Supercells can last for several hours while ordinary thunderstorms last 30-60 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which date did Tallahassee, Florida, experience multiple tornadoes, causing damage to buildings?

<p>May 10, 2024 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily sustains 'zombie' fires once traditional flames are extinguished?

<p>Organic matter such as peat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region in Canada experienced significant evacuations due to 'zombie' fires?

<p>British Columbia and Alberta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can 'zombie' fires potentially burn underground?

<p>Months to years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of a forest fire distinguishes it from a peat fire?

<p>It burns on the surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of event can reignite a 'zombie' fire?

<p>Controlled burns by farmers (A), Lightning strikes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected housing capacity of Dogen City upon completion?

<p>100,000 residents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was unique about the wildfire season in Canada in 2023 compared to previous years?

<p>It was the worst on record (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major environmental concern regarding 'zombie' fires?

<p>They release more carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is NOT mentioned as part of Dogen City's key attributes?

<p>Libraries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant weather event contributed to the increase in 'zombie' fires following the regular fire season?

<p>Rapid snowmelt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what year does Dogen City aim to be completed?

<p>2030 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innovative feature is included in Dogen City's design to protect against natural disasters?

<p>A circular shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the undersea layer of Dogen City?

<p>Sea-cooled data center for city management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much food production is planned annually using new farming technology in Dogen City?

<p>7,000 tons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of Dogen City compare to typical urban areas?

<p>It's comparable to a small town (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which existing self-sustaining floating community is mentioned as a model for Dogen City?

<p>Schoonship, Amsterdam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a predicted consequence of rising sea levels by 2050?

<p>Annual flooding impacting millions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect that distinguishes Dogen City's design from traditional cities?

<p>Floating above water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What design feature of the X-59 is specifically aimed at reducing noise during flight?

<p>Long, pointed nose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the X-59 pilot manage without a traditional cockpit window?

<p>Relying on advanced cameras (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does NASA plan to test the X-59 over US cities?

<p>To collect feedback on sound production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefit does NASA see in the successful testing of the X-59?

<p>Convincing officials to lift restrictions on supersonic flights over land (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary limitation of the Concorde compared to the X-59?

<p>It produced excessive noise affecting its travel routes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the personalized vaccines developed by Dr. Wu and her team?

<p>To train the immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Dr. Catherine Wu's research?

<p>Developing custom cancer vaccines tailored to individual patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the patients involved in the first study remained cancer-free by 2021?

<p>66.67% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prize did Dr. Wu receive for her research on personalized cancer vaccines?

<p>$1,000,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inspired Dr. Wu to explore the mobilization of the immune response?

<p>Successful outcomes of bone marrow transplants in leukemia patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many shots did the patients receive as part of their personalized vaccine treatment?

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do custom cancer vaccines aim to combat cancer?

<p>By enhancing the body's immune response to fight cancer cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue did the two patients with more advanced cancer face despite receiving the personalized vaccines?

<p>Their tumor growth returned initially. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique aspect of cancer does Dr. Wu's approach address?

<p>The unique genetic makeup of each individual’s cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the illustration accompanying Dr. Wu's work depict?

<p>The injection of dead cancer cells as part of a custom vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

2024 Tornado Season

The 2024 tornado season was unusually active, experiencing above-average tornado activity.

Tornado Alley

A region in the central U.S. with a higher risk of tornadoes, mainly during spring months.

April 2024 Tornado Outbreak

A period of severe tornado activity across the central U.S., with over 100 tornadoes in three days.

EF-4 Tornado

A powerful tornado with winds between 166 mph (267 km/h) to 200 mph (320 km/h).

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Marietta, Oklahoma Damage

A severe tornado hit Marietta, Oklahoma, resulting in one death and significant structural damage, including a hospital.

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X-59 Aircraft

A prototype aircraft designed by NASA to fly at supersonic speeds without producing a sonic boom.

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Sonic Boom

The loud, explosive sound produced when an object breaks the sound barrier.

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QueSST

NASA's Quiet SuperSonic Technology mission, aimed at developing quieter supersonic aircraft.

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Supersonic Speed

The speed of an object faster than the speed of sound, approximately 768 mph.

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What makes the X-59 unique?

It is designed to break the sound barrier without generating a sonic boom, making it a quieter supersonic aircraft.

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Tornado

A rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground, formed by severe rotating storms (supercells).

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Supercell

A type of thunderstorm with a powerful rotating updraft.

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Tornado Formation

Formation of a tornado involves the interaction of warm, moist air from the tropics and cold, dry air from the poles, within powerful rotating storms (supercells).

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Tornado impact

Tornadoes can cause extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure, can leave thousands without power, and are often deadly.

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X-59 Supersonic Jet

A new type of supersonic jet specifically designed to reduce noise pollution during flight.

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Long, Pointed Nose

A key design feature of the X-59 that helps break up shock waves, reducing the loud sonic boom.

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Removed Forward-Facing Window

The X-59 uses advanced cameras for the pilot instead of a traditional window, reducing noise and drag.

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Engine on Top

The unique placement of the engine on top of the X-59 directs noise upwards away from the ground.

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NASA Testing

NASA plans to test the X-59 in California to see how its design reduces noise and gather feedback from people on the ground.

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What are Zombie Fires?

Zombie fires are wildfires that smolder underground, often in deep layers of dry vegetation and within large logs. They can remain active for months and resurface in the spring.

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Where do Zombie Fires occur?

Zombie fires are common in regions with cool coniferous forests and thick layers of easily flammable ground vegetation. These regions include British Columbia, Alberta, Alaska, Northern Europe, and Siberia.

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Why are Zombie Fires hard to detect?

Zombie fires are difficult to spot because they often burn underground with little to no visible flames. They occur in remote areas, making access challenging. The frozen ground also hinders detection efforts.

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Why are Zombie Fires a problem this year?

While zombie fires occur annually, the number has significantly increased this year. This is likely due to the exceptionally dry fuels and a warmer climate.

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Are Zombie Fires a new phenomenon?

Zombie fires are not new. They have been observed in Canada and other regions for years. However, their recent increase in number is concerning.

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Zombie Fires

Wildfires that rekindle after being extinguished, often occurring underground and fueled by peat.

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Holdover Fires

Another name for zombie fires, emphasizing that they linger even after the initial flames are gone.

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Overwintering Fires

Zombie fires that survive through winter by burning underground, waiting for warmer conditions to emerge.

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Peat

A type of organic matter that fuels zombie fires, often found in wetlands and bogs.

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Controlled Burns

Intentional fires set to clear vegetation, which can sometimes lead to the formation of zombie fires.

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Forest Fire vs. Peat Fire

Forest fires burn on the surface, while peat fires burn underground, fueled by peat; peat fires are longer-lasting and release more carbon.

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Canada's Wildfire Season 2023

Canada experienced its worst wildfire season on record in 2023, with over 6,500 fires burning more than 48 million acres.

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Evacuation due to Zombie Fires

Thousands of people were forced to evacuate in British Columbia and Alberta due to rekindled zombie fires.

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N-Ark

A Japanese organization proposing a floating city called Dogen City to combat rising sea levels.

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Dogen City

The name of the proposed floating city by N-Ark, designed to be 1 mile in diameter and circular to withstand tsunamis.

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Two-Layer Design

Dogen City's design features a top layer with a self-sufficient city and an underwater layer with a data center for management, healthcare, and research.

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Sea-Cooled Data Center

Dogen City's underwater layer houses a data center that utilizes cold ocean water for cooling, making it energy-efficient.

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Combat Rising Sea Levels

The main goal of N-Ark's Dogen City project is to offer a solution to the threat of increasing sea levels and coastal flooding.

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Personalized Cancer Vaccines

Vaccines tailored to each individual's unique cancer, aiming to stimulate the immune system to fight specific cancer cells.

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Dr. Catherine Wu's Research

Focuses on developing custom cancer vaccines by leveraging the body's immune system to attack cancer cells.

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Immune System Enhancement

These vaccines aim to strengthen the body's immune response to fight cancer by training immune cells to identify and destroy cancer cells.

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Unique Cancer Genetics

Personalized vaccines are necessary because each person's cancer is unique and based on their individual genetic makeup.

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Fighting Cancer Cells

Custom cancer vaccines are designed to specifically target and destroy cancer cells, preventing them from spreading and multiplying.

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Seawater Farming

An innovative agricultural method used in Dogen City that utilizes seawater to grow food, producing 7,000 tons of food annually.

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Space Tourism Hub

Dogen City includes a dedicated area for space tourism, featuring rocket launches and landings, connecting residents to the final frontier.

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Floating City Concept

The idea of building cities on water, offering a sustainable solution to population growth and land scarcity.

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Schoonship Neighborhood

A thriving, self-sustaining floating community in Amsterdam, featuring 46 homes across 30 water plots, serving as a model for eco-friendly floating cities.

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How do personalized cancer vaccines work?

These vaccines are designed to train the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells while leaving healthy cells untouched.

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What is melanoma?

A type of skin cancer that can be very serious if not detected and treated early.

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What were the results of Dr. Wu's study?

Out of six patients with advanced melanoma, four were cancer-free after receiving personalized vaccines, and the remaining two became cancer-free after receiving additional doses.

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What impact did Dr. Wu's work have?

Her research has earned her prestigious awards and funding for future cancer research, showcasing the potential of personalized vaccines in treating cancer.

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