Tornadoes and Zombie Fires Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason mentioned in the provided text for the vulnerability of some populations to even low levels of hunting?

  • Their habitats are increasingly fragmented, exposing them to hunters.
  • They have a very low birth rate, producing only one offspring every several years. (correct)
  • Their migration patterns make them easy targets.
  • They have a short life expectancy which means they are less able to sustain hunting.

According to the provided text, what is the time frame during which tornadoes are most active in the United States?

  • June to September
  • October to December
  • January to April
  • March to July (correct)

Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a state within 'Tornado Alley' according to the provided text?

  • Iowa
  • Oklahoma
  • Kansas
  • Illinois (correct)

Based on the text, approximately how many tornadoes were reported in April 2024?

<p>About 300 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which EF scale category was the tornado that struck Marietta, Oklahoma?

<p>EF-4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct impact of the tornadoes in Tallahassee, Florida on May 10th, 2024?

<p>Damaged buildings and downed trees and utility poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided text, what caused significant damage to Minden, Iowa?

<p>A powerful tornado (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there a possibility for a record-breaking tornado season this year, despite not yet reaching the 2011 numbers?

<p>The peak tornado season typically occurs later in the year. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that zombie fires are difficult to detect?

<p>They are primarily flameless and spread underground. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a contributing factor to the recent surge in zombie fires in Canada?

<p>Decreased precipitation and warmer winter temperatures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides Canada, which other regions are prone to zombie fires due to similar characteristics?

<p>Alaska, Northern Europe, and Siberia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of NASA's QueSST mission?

<p>To create quieter supersonic aircraft for over land travel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback associated with supersonic flight that the X-59 aims to address?

<p>The intense sonic boom produced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate speed that is classified as supersonic?

<p>768 mph (1,236 km/h). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, why did the Concorde fail as the world's first supersonic passenger airplane?

<p>The sonic boom was too disruptive and problematic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vegetation layer in zombie fire development?

<p>It provides the fuel that allows the fires to smolder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How will climbing events be structured at the Paris Games differently from previous competitions?

<p>Bouldering and lead climbing scores will be combined, with speed climbing as an independent event. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial sign that led researchers to investigate Rakus's behavior?

<p>They noticed a visible wound on his cheek, believed to be from a fight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific action did Rakus take after chewing the liana leaves, besides eating them?

<p>He rubbed the juice of the leaves directly onto his injury. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to the liana leaves, what observed behavior suggests that Rakus was being a 'good patient'?

<p>He rested more than usual to allow his body to heal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decline in the Sumatran orangutan population?

<p>Capture for food, status keeping, and widespread conversion of rainforest habitat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key finding from the study published in Scientific Reports?

<p>Rakus was the first known case of active wound treatment in a wild animal with a medical plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the location and population of Sumatran Orangutans?

<p>Their habitat is only the northern tip of Sumatra in Indonesia with an estimated population of 14,600. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the researchers become aware that Rakus was using the liana plant for wound treatment?

<p>The researchers identified a significant change in his eating patterns and behavior as he focused on this plant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is significant about the bottles discovered?

<p>They were intended for the Washingtons' use, but handled by enslaved people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the analysis of the preserved cherries NOT hope to accomplish?

<p>Identify the original process used to can and store the cherries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the method of elephant communication described distinct from that of dolphins and parrots?

<p>Elephants do not use imitation when addressing one another. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation initially led Dr. Joyce Poole to suspect that elephants might use 'names'?

<p>The way that specific elephants responded to certain calls while the rest of the herd ignored them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the potential germination of the cherry seeds considered significant?

<p>It could produce a living piece of American history. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used by the research team to identify elephant "names"?

<p>By analyzing over 600 recorded elephant rumbles that seemed directed at specific individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the scientific analysis of the cherries beyond understanding of history?

<p>To gain insights into past climate conditions through plant genetics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the research cited in the passage, why is the elephant 'naming' behavior considered groundbreaking?

<p>Because it is the first time a non-human species has been shown to use unique identifiers for each other without using imitation when addressing one another. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the research, what is the suspected mechanism by which spiders cause fireflies to emit a single flash?

<p>The spider's venom interferes with the oxygen supply to the firefly's flashing system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'winning the popular vote' in the US Presidential Election?

<p>Winning the popular vote is important for a candidate's campaign, but does not directly secure the presidency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'electors' refer to within the context of the Electoral College?

<p>The members of the Electoral College, who ultimately vote for president. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the research on spiders and fireflies published?

<p>August 19, 2024 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How frequently is the group of electors, known as the Electoral College, formed?

<p>Every four years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of reaching an altitude of 870 miles during the September 2024 space mission?

<p>To assess the increased radiation's impact on the Dragon capsule and its crew, in preparation for lunar missions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main difference between the new SpaceX spacesuits and traditional spacesuits?

<p>The new suits used a 12-foot-long cord for oxygen supply instead of integrated life support systems, while traditional suits rely on an integrated system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mission previously held the record for the highest human spaceflight before the September 2024 mission?

<p>Gemini 11 mission. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the oxygen supply provided to the astronauts during their civilian spacewalk?

<p>Via a 12-foot-long cord tethered to their spacecraft's life support system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the medical tests that were done on the crew after they returned to Earth?

<p>To develop strategies to protect astronauts from the negative effects of space travel on their bodies, especially for lunar and deep-space missions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'pre-breathing' routine performed by the astronauts before their spacewalk?

<p>It was primarily for acclimatizing the astronauts to a lower pressure environment, thus preventing decompression sickness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Dragon capsule and its crew splash down in the Gulf of Mexico, marking the official end of the space mission?

<p>September 15, 2024 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the spacecraft and its mission was NOT directly addressed in the content?

<p>The specific technical material of the Dragon capsule for heat resistance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Speed Climbing

A type of climbing competition where climbers race against the clock to reach the top of a wall.

Lead Climbing

A type of climbing competition where climbers attempt to climb a challenging route without falling, with the highest climber winning.

Bouldering

A type of climbing competition where climbers try to complete as many difficult climbing routes as possible within a set timeframe.

Sumatran Orangutan

A critically endangered species of orangutan found only in the northern tip of Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Liana

A medicinal plant used by Rakus, the orangutan, to treat his wound.

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Self-Medication

The behavior of Rakus, the orangutan, using a plant to treat a wound.

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Habitat Loss

Loss of rainforest habitat due to activities like oil palm plantations.

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Illegal Wildlife Trade

The capture of Sumatran orangutans for food or pets.

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Tornado

A rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm cloud to the ground.

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Tornado Alley

A region in the central US known for frequent tornado activity.

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EF Scale

A scale used to classify tornado intensity based on wind speed and damage.

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EF-4 Tornado

A tornado with wind speeds reaching 166-200 mph, causing significant destruction.

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Tornado Season in the US

Occurs from March to July, with peak activity in April and May.

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Tornado Outbreak

A period of intense tornado activity, often resulting in numerous tornadoes in a short time.

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2011 - Record Tornado Year

The year with the highest recorded number of tornadoes in the US.

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Above Average Tornado Activity

The number of tornadoes recorded in a given period, exceeding the average.

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Zombie Fires

Wildfires that continue to burn underground during winter, often hidden beneath layers of snow.

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Why are zombie fires more prevalent now?

The melted snow typically extinguishes underground fires in the spring. However, due to reduced snowfall in recent years, these fires can survive and spread undetected.

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Why are zombie fires difficult to detect?

Zombie fires are hard to detect because they burn underground, making them invisible from above. They also often occur in remote, hard-to-reach areas.

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How does frozen ground affect firefighting efforts?

The ground typically freezes in winter, making it difficult for firefighters to access and excavate the fire.

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Sonic Boom

A loud, intense sound produced when an object travels faster than the speed of sound.

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X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology (QueSST) Aircraft

A type of aircraft designed to fly at supersonic speeds (faster than the speed of sound) without producing a sonic boom.

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Why did the Concorde fail?

The Concorde, the world's first supersonic passenger airplane, faced challenges due to its sonic boom. The noise was disruptive and unacceptable for many communities.

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How does the X-59 address the sonic boom?

The X-59's unique design allows it to break the sound barrier without creating a sonic boom, reducing noise levels and improving public acceptance of supersonic flights.

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Electoral College

The system used to elect the US president where voters choose electors who then vote for the president.

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Electors

People chosen by each state to vote for the president. The number of electors per state is based on its population.

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Electoral Votes

The number of votes needed to win the US presidential election. It's more than half of the total number of electors.

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Popular Vote

The total number of votes cast by Americans for a candidate. It doesn't guarantee victory but is a significant indicator of support.

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Casting a Ballot

The official act of voting for a candidate in an election, either in person or by mail.

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Historical Archaeology

The process of creating, preserving, and studying artifacts from the past to understand historical events and cultures.

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Food Preservation

The preservation of a food item, such as cherries, in a sealed environment, which slows down its decay and allows it to last for a long time.

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DNA Analysis

The process of analyzing DNA from a sample to determine its genetic makeup, which can reveal a species' origin and relationships.

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Individual Recognition

The ability of an individual to recognize and identify other individuals within their social group using unique vocalizations or other cues.

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Animal Vocalization

A distinctive sound or vocalization used by an animal to communicate with other members of its species.

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Named Calling

A type of communication in which individuals use specific sounds or signals to address each other by name, similar to how humans use names.

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Animal Ethology

The study of animal behavior focusing on how they interact with each other and their environment.

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Animal Intelligence

The ability of an animal to perform complex tasks that require intelligence, such as problem-solving, planning, and tool use.

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What is the highest altitude reached by a human spacecraft since the Apollo missions?

The highest altitude reached by a spacecraft carrying humans since the Apollo missions to the Moon, set by SpaceX's Inspiration4 mission on September 11, 2024.

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What was the main scientific goal of the Inspiration4 mission?

The Inspiration4 mission aimed to assess the impact of increased radiation on humans and spacecraft during future missions to the Moon and beyond.

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What was the most important test conducted during the Inspiration4 mission?

A crucial test conducted during the Inspiration4 mission involving the first-ever civilian spacewalk, where astronauts emerged from the capsule and performed a spacesuit functionality test.

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What were the key features of the spacesuits used in the Inspiration4 spacewalk?

Specialized suits worn by astronauts during the Inspiration4 mission's spacewalk, featuring unique design elements, including a tether for oxygen supply and the absence of traditional life support systems.

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When and where did the Inspiration4 mission end?

The historic Inspiration4 mission concluded with the safe return of the Dragon capsule and its crew to Earth on September 15, 2024, in the Gulf of Mexico.

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What research was conducted after the Inspiration4 mission?

Research conducted on the astronauts of the Inspiration4 mission after their return to Earth, analyzing the physical effects of space travel to inform future astronaut health and safety measures.

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What historical event led to the discovery of the Herculaneum scrolls?

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD that buried the ancient cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, leading to the discovery of preserved scrolls in the library of a Herculaneum mansion.

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What were the unique characteristics of the Herculaneum scrolls?

The scrolls found in the library of Herculaneum mansion, being severely charred on the outside but well-preserved on the inside due to the lack of oxygen during the eruption.

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Study Notes

Earth Day

  • Celebrated annually on April 22nd, Earth Day is a global movement advocating for environmental protection.
  • Began in 1970 when US lawmaker Gaylord Nelson mobilized over 20 million people.
  • Now has over 50,000 partners in over 190 countries.
  • Has led to landmark environmental legislation such as the 1972 Clean Water Act and 1973 Endangered Species Act, and the 2015 Paris Agreement.
  • 2024 theme is Planet vs. Plastics, focusing on the reduction of single-use plastics.

Plastic Pollution

  • Over 380 million tons of plastic are produced annually, with 50% for single-use purposes.
  • Earth Day Network (EDN) advocates for a 60% reduction in plastic production by 2040.
  • Health risks of plastic pollution range from cancer in humans to deaths in marine wildlife.
  • Urges phasing out single-use plastics by 2030 and investment in sustainable alternatives.

Fast Fashion

  • Fast fashion is a significant contributor to plastic pollution.
  • Encourages clothing manufacturers to use natural or recycled fabrics when creating clothing.

Other ways to reduce plastic

  • Individuals can reduce single-use plastics through simple actions like using reusable cutlery, containers, and water bottles.

Nova Eruption

  • A nova is a sudden and dramatic increase in the brightness of a binary star system, usually with a red giant and white dwarf.
  • T Coronae Borealis (T CrB) is a binary star system approximately 3,000 light-years from Earth, known for its periodic nova outbursts, occurring roughly every 80 years, last eruption in 1946.
  • The next eruption is expected sometime before September 2024, and will likely be visible without optical equipment.

2024 Taiwan Earthquake

  • A 7.4 magnitude earthquake struck Taiwan's east coast on April 3, 2024
  • It was centered 11 miles south of Hualien, causing significant damage and injuries.
  • The preemptive earthquake warning systems helped reduce casualties.
  • Taiwan's strict building codes also helped to lessen the impact of the quake, but not completely prevent damage.

Global Solo Challenge

  • Brauer, a 29 year old completed the 48,280 km Global Solo Challenge in only 130 days.
  • It is considered a difficult feat by sailors.

Chimpanzee Warfare

  • Chimpanzee groups engage in border patrols that may escalate to conflict.
  • Chimpanzees climb to higher elevations to scout the risks of conflict.
  • This strategy is similar to human military strategies.

Revolutionary War Sketch

  • An 18th-century sketch of women and soldiers was discovered.
  • The sketch was made by Swiss artist Pierre Eugene du Simitiere in 1777.
  • It depicts a scene from the Revolutionary War.
  • The sketch was rediscovered after 40 years.

Female Crab Spider Mimicry

  • Female crab spiders are masters of camouflage, adapting colors to match flowers.
  • A study in China reveals a male crab spider that successfully mimics flower parts to evade predators.
  • Male crab spiders cooperate with females to act as a complete disguise.

Ichthyosaur Fossils

  • Marine reptiles (ichthyosaurs), sometimes called "fish-lizards", dominated the Triassic and Jurassic periods.
  • A new species of colossal ichthyosaur was discovered.
  • The fossils, found on a beach in England, had a huge 80' jaw.

Zombie Fires

  • "Zombie fires" are smoldering fires that have been sustained underground for extended periods, sometimes years.
  • Primarily affecting areas of North America.
  • Climate change and prolonged dry conditions are believed to be responsible, creating the ideal conditions for these fires to reignite unexpectedly.

Supermoon

  • The supermoon is when a full moon coincides with its closest point to Earth in orbit.
  • It appears larger and brighter than a typical full moon.
  • The November 15, 2024, supermoon was a very impactful event, considered the final supermoon of the year.

Earthworms' Impact on Plant Growth

  • Earthworms have a significant impact on plant growth, notably in developing countries.
  • Earthworm activity helps improve soil quality through burrowing and soil aeration.
  • Research shows earthworms help plants thrive even in polluted areas.

Fireflies Mating Signals

  • A study in China reveals that a crafty orb-weaver spider species manipulates mating signals of male fireflies to catch more prey.
  • Female fireflies flash once, while males flash twice to attract females.
  • The spiders mimic a female's one flash, entrapping male fireflies.

US Presidential Election

  • Donald Trump was re-elected on November 5, 2024.
  • He received more than the 270 electoral votes needed.

Wooden Satellite

  • LignoSat is the world's first wooden satellite.
  • A test in space to determine if wood can withstand harsh space conditions.
  • Plans for wooden satellites and devices in the future.

Rocket Launches

  • A student-built rocket, Aftershock II, set a new amateur rocket altitude record in 2024.
  • It reached an altitude of 470,000 feet.
  • This exceeds the previous record by 90,000 feet.

Winter Solstice

  • The winter solstice marks the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, this year on December 21, 2024.
  • It was a time of significance for ancient civilizations and cultures.

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