CH 2: Topography associated with horizontally layered rocks

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Questions and Answers

What is the Karoo region mainly utilized for?

  • Agriculture
  • Sheep farming (correct)
  • Tourist attractions
  • Hydroelectric power generation

Which process widens valleys through lateral erosion, mass movement, and weathering?

  • Basaltic plateau erosion
  • Valley incision
  • Canyon formation
  • Scarp retreat (correct)

What factor can create landscapes where resistant rock forms steep cliffs and less resistant layers form gentler slopes?

  • Mechanical weathering
  • Chemical weathering
  • Mass movement
  • Differential erosion (correct)

Which region is characterized by deep canyons formed through vertical erosion by rivers?

<p>Canyon Landscapes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rock often protects large areas covered with horizontal layers of rock in the Karoo region?

<p>Dolerite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major geological feature is the Drakensberg considered to be?

<p>Basaltic plateau (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which erosional process is instrumental in the development of distinctive landscapes like those found in the Karoo region?

<p>Scarp retreat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of rivers in the formation of canyon landscapes?

<p>Forming deep valleys through vertical erosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do resistant rocks form in landscapes created through differential erosion?

<p>Steep cliffs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Karoo landscape?

<p>Ideal for agriculture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of geological structure is formed when sedimentary layers are deposited in a flat or nearly flat position?

<p>Horizontally layered rocks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of landscape is characterized by gentle and rounded slopes, especially in hot and humid regions?

<p>Hilly landscapes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological feature is characterized by extensive lava flows emanating from long cracks in the Earth's crust over millions of years?

<p>Basaltic plateaus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly influences the development of hilly landscapes?

<p>Climate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of weathering is promoted by higher temperatures in the development of landscapes?

<p>Chemical weathering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of landscape is shaped by a combination of resistance to erosion and the action of water and other erosional agents?

<p>Karoo landscapes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes basaltic plateaus from hilly landscapes?

<p>Formation by extensive lava flows (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes significantly to the shape of hilly landscapes?

<p>Rock resistance to erosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of erosion contributes to the development of basaltic plateaus?

<p>Lava flows (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Karoo landscape, what plays a crucial role in shaping the landforms?

<p>Climate and rock resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes canyon landscapes from basaltic plateaus?

<p>Shaped by water and erosional agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the development of distinctive landscapes in hot and humid regions?

<p>High temperatures promoting mass wasting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of weathering is particularly promoted by high temperatures in hilly landscapes?

<p>Chemical weathering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the formation of hilly landscapes in hot and humid regions?

<p>High rainfall and mass wasting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological structure gives rise to basaltic plateaus?

<p>Flat or nearly flat sedimentary layers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is responsible for transforming the original plateau into various landforms like mesas, buttes, and conical hills?

<p>Scarp retreat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region is characterized by large areas covered with horizontal rock layers that are often protected by a layer of resistant rock like dolerite?

<p>Karoo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of landscape develops in regions where horizontal layers of rock erode at different rates?

<p>Canyons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do canyons differ from landscapes formed by flat erosion of rock layers?

<p>Canyons have stepped sides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do resistant rocks contribute to the formation of distinctive landscapes?

<p>By shaping steep cliffs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the Karoo landscape makes it unsuitable for agriculture?

<p>Shallow topsoil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which erosional process shapes landscapes by exploiting weaknesses in rocks and eroding them vertically?

<p>Vertical erosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can scarp retreat be described in terms of its impact on plateaus?

<p>It causes the widening of valleys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do canyon landscapes differ from hilly terrains?

<p>Canyon landscapes have vertical erosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature distinguishes the Karoo region from the Drakensberg?

<p>Sheep farming suitability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the formation of hilly landscapes?

<p>Climate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological feature contributes most to the creation of basaltic plateaus?

<p>Extensive lava flows (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental characteristic of basaltic plateaus that distinguishes them from hilly landscapes?

<p>Extensive lava flows (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the formation of hilly landscapes, what role does mass wasting primarily play?

<p>Development of gentle slopes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a crucial role in shaping canyon landscapes?

<p>River vertical erosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological process leads to the transformation of original plateaus into various landforms like mesas, buttes, and conical hills?

<p>Scarp retreat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes significantly to the unsuitability of the Karoo landscape for agriculture?

<p>Shallow topsoil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of resistance to erosion and the action of water in shaping landscapes?

<p>Development of hilly terrains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process plays a pivotal role in creating distinctive landscapes found in hot and humid regions?

<p>Weathering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does scarp retreat alter landscapes over millions of years?

<p>Reduces large plateaus to isolated landforms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do canyon landscapes differ from basaltic plateaus?

<p>Development through differential erosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do rivers play in the formation of canyon landscapes?

<p>Vertical erosion leading to deep valleys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological factor plays a crucial role in the development of hilly landscapes in hot and humid regions?

<p>Chemical weathering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates basaltic plateaus from hilly landscapes?

<p>Formation by lava flows (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What predominant geological process contributes to the formation of canyon landscapes?

<p>Vertical erosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do resistant rocks influence the formation of distinctive landscapes?

<p>By forming prominent hills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly shapes hilly landscapes in hot and humid regions?

<p>High temperatures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why the Karoo landscape is generally not suitable for agriculture?

<p>Steep slopes and shallow topsoil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological process gradually reduces extensive plateaus to isolated landforms like mesas and buttes?

<p>Mass wasting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of scarp retreat on landscapes over millions of years?

<p>Transformation of plateaus into isolated landforms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do canyon landscapes differ from Karoo landscapes in terms of their geological characteristics?

<p>Formation through vertical erosion by rivers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily contributes to the formation of distinctive landscapes in regions with horizontally layered rocks?

<p>Interaction between geological structures and climate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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