CH 2: Topography associated with horizontally layered rocks
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Questions and Answers

What is the Karoo region mainly utilized for?

  • Agriculture
  • Sheep farming (correct)
  • Tourist attractions
  • Hydroelectric power generation

    • Which process widens valleys through lateral erosion, mass movement, and weathering?

  • Basaltic plateau erosion
  • Valley incision
  • Canyon formation
  • Scarp retreat (correct)

    • What factor can create landscapes where resistant rock forms steep cliffs and less resistant layers form gentler slopes?

  • Mechanical weathering
  • Chemical weathering
  • Mass movement
  • Differential erosion (correct)

    • Which region is characterized by deep canyons formed through vertical erosion by rivers?

    <p>Canyon Landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock often protects large areas covered with horizontal layers of rock in the Karoo region?

    <p>Dolerite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major geological feature is the Drakensberg considered to be?

    <p>Basaltic plateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which erosional process is instrumental in the development of distinctive landscapes like those found in the Karoo region?

    <p>Scarp retreat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of rivers in the formation of canyon landscapes?

    <p>Forming deep valleys through vertical erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do resistant rocks form in landscapes created through differential erosion?

    <p>Steep cliffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Karoo landscape?

    <p>Ideal for agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geological structure is formed when sedimentary layers are deposited in a flat or nearly flat position?

    <p>Horizontally layered rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of landscape is characterized by gentle and rounded slopes, especially in hot and humid regions?

    <p>Hilly landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is characterized by extensive lava flows emanating from long cracks in the Earth's crust over millions of years?

    <p>Basaltic plateaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences the development of hilly landscapes?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of weathering is promoted by higher temperatures in the development of landscapes?

    <p>Chemical weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of landscape is shaped by a combination of resistance to erosion and the action of water and other erosional agents?

    <p>Karoo landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes basaltic plateaus from hilly landscapes?

    <p>Formation by extensive lava flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the shape of hilly landscapes?

    <p>Rock resistance to erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of erosion contributes to the development of basaltic plateaus?

    <p>Lava flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Karoo landscape, what plays a crucial role in shaping the landforms?

    <p>Climate and rock resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes canyon landscapes from basaltic plateaus?

    <p>Shaped by water and erosional agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the development of distinctive landscapes in hot and humid regions?

    <p>High temperatures promoting mass wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of weathering is particularly promoted by high temperatures in hilly landscapes?

    <p>Chemical weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for the formation of hilly landscapes in hot and humid regions?

    <p>High rainfall and mass wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological structure gives rise to basaltic plateaus?

    <p>Flat or nearly flat sedimentary layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for transforming the original plateau into various landforms like mesas, buttes, and conical hills?

    <p>Scarp retreat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is characterized by large areas covered with horizontal rock layers that are often protected by a layer of resistant rock like dolerite?

    <p>Karoo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landscape develops in regions where horizontal layers of rock erode at different rates?

    <p>Canyons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do canyons differ from landscapes formed by flat erosion of rock layers?

    <p>Canyons have stepped sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do resistant rocks contribute to the formation of distinctive landscapes?

    <p>By shaping steep cliffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the Karoo landscape makes it unsuitable for agriculture?

    <p>Shallow topsoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which erosional process shapes landscapes by exploiting weaknesses in rocks and eroding them vertically?

    <p>Vertical erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can scarp retreat be described in terms of its impact on plateaus?

    <p>It causes the widening of valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do canyon landscapes differ from hilly terrains?

    <p>Canyon landscapes have vertical erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature distinguishes the Karoo region from the Drakensberg?

    <p>Sheep farming suitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing the formation of hilly landscapes?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological feature contributes most to the creation of basaltic plateaus?

    <p>Extensive lava flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental characteristic of basaltic plateaus that distinguishes them from hilly landscapes?

    <p>Extensive lava flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the formation of hilly landscapes, what role does mass wasting primarily play?

    <p>Development of gentle slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in shaping canyon landscapes?

    <p>River vertical erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process leads to the transformation of original plateaus into various landforms like mesas, buttes, and conical hills?

    <p>Scarp retreat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the unsuitability of the Karoo landscape for agriculture?

    <p>Shallow topsoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of resistance to erosion and the action of water in shaping landscapes?

    <p>Development of hilly terrains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process plays a pivotal role in creating distinctive landscapes found in hot and humid regions?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does scarp retreat alter landscapes over millions of years?

    <p>Reduces large plateaus to isolated landforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do canyon landscapes differ from basaltic plateaus?

    <p>Development through differential erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do rivers play in the formation of canyon landscapes?

    <p>Vertical erosion leading to deep valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological factor plays a crucial role in the development of hilly landscapes in hot and humid regions?

    <p>Chemical weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates basaltic plateaus from hilly landscapes?

    <p>Formation by lava flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What predominant geological process contributes to the formation of canyon landscapes?

    <p>Vertical erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do resistant rocks influence the formation of distinctive landscapes?

    <p>By forming prominent hills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly shapes hilly landscapes in hot and humid regions?

    <p>High temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the Karoo landscape is generally not suitable for agriculture?

    <p>Steep slopes and shallow topsoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological process gradually reduces extensive plateaus to isolated landforms like mesas and buttes?

    <p>Mass wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of scarp retreat on landscapes over millions of years?

    <p>Transformation of plateaus into isolated landforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do canyon landscapes differ from Karoo landscapes in terms of their geological characteristics?

    <p>Formation through vertical erosion by rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily contributes to the formation of distinctive landscapes in regions with horizontally layered rocks?

    <p>Interaction between geological structures and climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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