Topographic Regions of Earth
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Questions and Answers

What is the local relief of hills as described?

  • Less than 100 m
  • Between 100 m and 300 m (correct)
  • More than 600 m
  • More than 300 m

    • Which type of landform has an elevation of over 1520 m?

  • Depressions
  • Plains
  • Mountains
  • High tablelands (correct)

    • What defines the local relief of plains?

  • More than 100 m
  • Less than 100 m (correct)
  • Exactly 300 m
  • More than 300 m

    • Which of the following processes result in an increase in surface relief?

    <p>Endogenic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mountains are created by tectonic activity?

    <p>Tectonic mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is characterized as a basin surrounded by higher terrain?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a region where a craton is exposed at the surface?

    <p>Continental shield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes endogenic processes?

    <p>Processes that originate within the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Mohorovicic Discontinuity?

    <p>The boundary between crust and upper mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of crust is primarily composed of basalt?

    <p>Oceanic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor determining the elevation differences of continents and oceans?

    <p>Thickness and density of the crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist suggested the existence of the supercontinent Pangea?

    <p>Alfred Wegener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isostatic rebound occurs when:

    <p>The load on the crust is reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evidence supporting continental drift included:

    <p>Rare fossils found on separate continents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes crust to sink according to the isostatic process?

    <p>A heavier load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the crust is true?

    <p>The crust is rigid and relatively cold compared to the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the oceanic crust collides with the continental crust?

    <p>The oceanic crust grinds beneath the continental crust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural feature is associated with subduction zones?

    <p>Ocean trenches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the deepest ocean trench?

    <p>Mariana Trench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of plate boundaries, what occurs at divergent boundaries?

    <p>Plates move away from each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of paleogeography?

    <p>To reconstruct past geographical environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest level of the geologic timescale?

    <p>Eon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon can occur at plate intersections when breaks weaken?

    <p>Volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence is used to reconstruct the history of continental drift?

    <p>Magnetic records within oceanic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the outer core?

    <p>Liquid molten metallic iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the inner core sets it apart from the outer core?

    <p>It is solid and very dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Earth's magnetic field?

    <p>To protect the Earth from solar wind and cosmic radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is approximately 1200 km thick and made of olivine and iron/magnesium silicates?

    <p>Inner Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the boundary that separates the outer core from the inner mantle?

    <p>Gutenberg Discontinuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the asthenosphere primarily consist of?

    <p>Deformed plastic mantle material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does geomagnetic reversal affect the Earth's magnetic field?

    <p>It temporarily decreases the field to zero and reverses polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the lithosphere is directly above the asthenosphere?

    <p>Uppermost Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of composite volcanoes?

    <p>They are built from alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following volcanoes is classified as a composite cone?

    <p>Mt. Rainier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the ribs that strengthen composite cones?

    <p>Dikes formed from lava within the fissures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the eruptions of composite volcanoes?

    <p>Their eruptions are a mix of explosive and effusive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From the given list, which volcano is NOT a composite cone?

    <p>Kilauea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Topographic Regions of Earth

    • Plains: Local relief less than 100 m (325 ft), gentle slope angles ≤ 5˚.
    • Hills: Local relief over 100 m but below 300 m.
    • Mountains: Local relief exceeds 600 m.
    • Low Tablelands: Elevation under 1520 m (5000 ft), with local relief less than 100 m.
    • High Tablelands: Elevation over 1520 m with local relief of less than 300 m.
    • Depressions: Basins surrounded by mountains, hills, or tablelands.

    Crustal Formation and Deformation Processes

    • Endogenic Processes: Originate within Earth, increase surface relief, leading to uplifted landforms, particularly along plate boundaries.
    • Exogenic Processes: Originate at Earth’s surface, result in decreased surface relief.
    • Continental Shield: Region where cratons are exposed; craton is old and stable lithosphere.

    The Earth's Structure

    • Inner Core: Solid, very dense, radius of 1390 km, temperature around 4000-4700°C.
    • Outer Core: Liquid metallic iron, generates about 90% of Earth's magnetic field.
    • Mantle: Largest mass among Earth’s layers; divided into inner and upper mantle; olivine and silicate minerals are predominant.

    Isostasy

    • Elevation differences between continents and oceans are shaped by crust thickness and density differences through isostasy.
    • Crust sinks under heavy loads but rebounds when loads are reduced.

    Plate Tectonics

    • Continental Drift: Proposed by Alfred Wegener who theorized about Pangea, a single continent that existed millions of years ago.
    • Subduction Zones: Denser ocean floor sinks beneath lighter continental crust, driving plate motion.
    • Ocean Trenches: Deepest features of Earth's surface; Mariana Trench at -11,030 m is the greatest depth.

    Plate Boundaries

    • Divergent Boundaries: Plates move away from each other.
    • Convergent Boundaries: Plates move towards each other.
    • Transform Boundaries: Plates slide horizontally past one another.

    Volcanic Landforms

    • Cinder Cones: Formed from explosive eruptions, characterized by steep slopes.
    • Composite Volcanoes: Known as stratovolcanoes; characterized by alternating eruptions of lava flows and pyroclastic material. Examples include Mt. Mayon and Mt. Apo in the Philippines.

    Paleogeography

    • Study of past geographical environments, aiming to reconstruct historical landscapes through geologic evidence.
    • The Geologic Timescale structures Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs.

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    Description

    Explore the various topographic regions of Earth, including plains, hills, mountains, and high tablelands. This quiz will help you understand the local relief characteristics and elevation ranges of each region. Test your knowledge on Earth's diverse landscapes and their unique features.

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