32 Questions
What are ointments, creams, and gels primarily intended for?
Topical application
Which of the following is NOT a topical drug delivery system?
Injection
What are unmedicated ointments primarily used for?
Physical effects as protectants
Which type of ointment base is also termed hydrocarbon bases?
Oleaginous bases
Where are ointments intended to be applied?
Externally
What are topical drug delivery systems NOT typically used for?
Intramuscular injection
Which type of ointment base is difficult to wash off from the skin?
Hydrocarbon bases
What type of emulsion do water-removable bases resemble?
Oil-in-water emulsions
Which substance can be used as a levigating agent for incorporating powdered substances into hydrocarbon bases?
Liquid petrolatum (mineral oil)
What is the general formula for Hydrophilic Ointment, USP?
Stearyl alcohol, white petrolatum, methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium lauryl sulfate, propylene glycol, purified water
What is the main characteristic of water-soluble bases?
They are completely water washable
What factor does the selection of the ointment base depend on?
All of the above
How are ointments mainly prepared?
Both incorporation and fusion methods
What is the function of liquid petrolatum (mineral oil) in incorporating powdered substances into hydrocarbon bases?
Acting as a levigating agent
Which type of base allows for the incorporation of additional quantities of aqueous solutions?
Absorption bases
What is the primary advantage of water-removable bases?
They are easily washed from skin
Which type of ointment base is difficult to wash off from the skin?
Oleaginous bases
What factor does the selection of the ointment base depend on?
Physical effects provided
What is the main characteristic of water-soluble bases?
They allow easy incorporation of aqueous solutions
What is the function of liquid petrolatum (mineral oil) in incorporating powdered substances into hydrocarbon bases?
To aid in uniform mixing
What type of emulsion do water-removable bases resemble?
Oil-in-water emulsion
What are unmedicated ointments primarily used for?
As protectants, emollients, or lubricants
What is the primary function of water-removable bases?
To allow for easy washing from the skin
Which type of base permits the incorporation of additional quantities of aqueous solutions?
Absorption bases
What is the main characteristic of water-soluble bases?
They are completely water washable
Which substance can be used as a levigating agent for incorporating powdered substances into hydrocarbon bases?
Liquid petrolatum (mineral oil)
What are ointments primarily intended for?
To release drug substances from the base
What is the general formula for the preparation of 1,000 g of PEG ointment?
PEG 3350 --- 400 g, PEG 400 ---- 600 g
What factor does the selection of the ointment base depend on?
The desirability of topical or percutaneous drug absorption
How are water-removable bases best described?
As easily washed from skin because the external phase of the emulsion is aqueous
What is a notable characteristic of absorption bases?
They result in oil-in-water emulsions when aqueous solutions are incorporated
What is a major factor in selecting a base for ointment formulation?
The stability of the drug in the ointment base
Study Notes
Ointments and Topical Drug Delivery Systems
- Ointments, creams, and gels are primarily intended for topical application to the skin or mucous membranes.
Characteristics of Ointment Bases
- Hydrocarbon bases are also termed hydrocarbon bases.
- Water-soluble bases are characterized by being easily washed off from the skin.
- Absorption bases are able to absorb and hold a large amount of water.
- Water-removable bases are difficult to wash off from the skin, resemble oil-in-water emulsions, and permit the incorporation of additional quantities of aqueous solutions.
- Hydrocarbon bases are difficult to wash off from the skin.
Functions and Uses
- Unmedicated ointments are primarily used for protecting and moisturizing the skin.
- Water-removable bases are used for incorporating powdered substances and have the primary function of being easily removable from the skin.
- Liquid petrolatum (mineral oil) is used as a levigating agent for incorporating powdered substances into hydrocarbon bases.
Preparation and Formulation
- Ointments are mainly prepared by incorporating active ingredients into a suitable base.
- The general formula for Hydrophilic Ointment, USP is not specified, but the general formula for 1,000 g of PEG ointment is not provided.
- The selection of the ointment base depends on the type of skin, the condition being treated, and the desired release of the active ingredient.
Topical Drug Delivery Systems
- Topical drug delivery systems are not typically used for treating systemic diseases.
- They are used for delivering drugs directly to the skin or mucous membranes.
Test your knowledge of topical drug delivery systems including ointments, creams, gels, and more. Explore the characteristics and applications of various topical dosage forms used for medical treatment.
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