Topic 7: Chromosomal Mutations
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of telomeric repeats in human chromosomes?

  • To protect the integrity of chromosomes and allow for their replication (correct)
  • To increase the gene expression of nearby genes
  • To facilitate the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
  • To aid in the separation of sister chromatids during mitosis

    • What is the significance of defects in telomere maintenance?

  • They result in the formation of satellite DNA
  • They are involved in cancer and aging (correct)
  • They lead to increased gene expression and cellular growth
  • They allow for the exchange of genetic material between non-homologous chromosomes

    • What is the typical length of alpha repeats in satellite DNA?

  • 68 bp
  • 6 bp
  • 1 kb
  • 171 bp (correct)

    • What is the primary characteristic of dispersed repeats?

    <p>They are interspersed repetitive DNA found throughout the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of satellite DNA?

    <p>Its function is currently unclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repetitive DNA is typically found near the centromeres and telomeres of chromosomes?

    <p>Macro satellites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical structure of telomeric repeats in human chromosomes?

    <p>Clusters of repeated 6bp TTAGGG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repetitive DNA is composed of short tandem repeats (STRs)?

    <p>Mini satellites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomeric repeats in protecting the integrity of chromosomes?

    <p>They allow the replication of the extreme ends of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repetitive DNA is characterized by being interspersed throughout the genome?

    <p>Dispersed repeats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of macro satellites in the context of chromosomal mutations?

    <p>They are involved in the development of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of beta repeats in satellite DNA?

    <p>68 bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repetitive DNA is characterized by clusters of repeated sequences near the telomeres?

    <p>Telomeric Repeats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of satellite DNA?

    <p>It has an unclear function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repetitive DNA is typically found near the centromeres?

    <p>Macro satellites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomeric repeats in chromosome replication?

    <p>To allow the replication of the extreme ends of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repetitive DNA is composed of tandem repeats?

    <p>Satellite DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of defects in telomere maintenance?

    <p>Cancer and aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of macro satellites in chromosomal mutations?

    <p>Unclear, as they are still being researched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of mini satellites?

    <p>They are composed of short tandem repeats (STRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general function of telomeric repeats in human chromosomes?

    <p>To allow the replication of the extreme ends of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of micro satellites?

    <p>They are typically found near the telomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of SINEs in dispersed repeats?

    <p>They are a type of repetitive DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of tandem repeats?

    <p>They are composed of repetitive DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general function of satellite DNA?

    <p>Unclear, as it is still being researched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chromosomal Mutations

    • Satellite DNA is a type of repetitive DNA with an unclear function.
    • There are two major classes of satellite DNA: Alpha Repeats (171 bp) and Beta Repeats (68 bp).

    Tandem Repeats

    • Tandem repeats are repetitive sequences that are found in tandem.
    • Mini satellites are a type of short tandem repeat (STR).
    • Micro satellites are found near telomeres.
    • Macro satellites are found near centromeres and telomeres, and are megabases long.

    Telomeric Repeats

    • Telomeric repeats are clusters of repeated 6bp TTAGGG sequences in humans, which can be up to several kb long.
    • They protect the integrity of chromosomes by allowing the replication of the extreme ends of chromosomes.
    • Defects in telomere maintenance are involved in cancer and aging.

    Dispersed Repeats

    • Dispersed repeats are interspersed repetitive DNA.
    • SINEs (Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements) are a type of dispersed repeat.

    Chromosomal Mutations

    • Satellite DNA is a type of repetitive DNA with an unclear function.
    • There are two major classes of satellite DNA: Alpha Repeats (171 bp) and Beta Repeats (68 bp).

    Tandem Repeats

    • Tandem repeats are repetitive sequences that are found in tandem.
    • Mini satellites are a type of short tandem repeat (STR).
    • Micro satellites are found near telomeres.
    • Macro satellites are found near centromeres and telomeres, and are megabases long.

    Telomeric Repeats

    • Telomeric repeats are clusters of repeated 6bp TTAGGG sequences in humans, which can be up to several kb long.
    • They protect the integrity of chromosomes by allowing the replication of the extreme ends of chromosomes.
    • Defects in telomere maintenance are involved in cancer and aging.

    Dispersed Repeats

    • Dispersed repeats are interspersed repetitive DNA.
    • SINEs (Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements) are a type of dispersed repeat.

    Chromosomal Mutations

    • Satellite DNA is a type of repetitive DNA with an unclear function.
    • There are two major classes of satellite DNA: Alpha Repeats (171 bp) and Beta Repeats (68 bp).

    Tandem Repeats

    • Tandem repeats are repetitive sequences that are found in tandem.
    • Mini satellites are a type of short tandem repeat (STR).
    • Micro satellites are found near telomeres.
    • Macro satellites are found near centromeres and telomeres, and are megabases long.

    Telomeric Repeats

    • Telomeric repeats are clusters of repeated 6bp TTAGGG sequences in humans, which can be up to several kb long.
    • They protect the integrity of chromosomes by allowing the replication of the extreme ends of chromosomes.
    • Defects in telomere maintenance are involved in cancer and aging.

    Dispersed Repeats

    • Dispersed repeats are interspersed repetitive DNA.
    • SINEs (Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements) are a type of dispersed repeat.

    Chromosomal Mutations

    • Satellite DNA is a type of repetitive DNA with an unclear function.
    • There are two major classes of satellite DNA: Alpha Repeats (171 bp) and Beta Repeats (68 bp).

    Tandem Repeats

    • Tandem repeats are repetitive sequences that are found in tandem.
    • Mini satellites are a type of short tandem repeat (STR).
    • Micro satellites are found near telomeres.
    • Macro satellites are found near centromeres and telomeres, and are megabases long.

    Telomeric Repeats

    • Telomeric repeats are clusters of repeated 6bp TTAGGG sequences in humans, which can be up to several kb long.
    • They protect the integrity of chromosomes by allowing the replication of the extreme ends of chromosomes.
    • Defects in telomere maintenance are involved in cancer and aging.

    Dispersed Repeats

    • Dispersed repeats are interspersed repetitive DNA.
    • SINEs (Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements) are a type of dispersed repeat.

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    Topic 7 - Chromosomal Mutations PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the concept of chromosomal mutations, including satellite DNA and its types such as alpha and beta repeats, tandem repeats, mini satellites, micro satellites, and macro satellites.

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