Types of Chromosomal Mutations: Translocation and Duplication

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Questions and Answers

What type of genetic change involves pieces from two different chromosomes trading places with each other?

  • Duplication
  • Translocation (correct)
  • Substitution
  • Insertion

During which process does duplication occur when two misaligned homologous chromosomes have unequal crossing-over?

  • Transcription
  • Meiosis (correct)
  • Translation
  • Mitosis

Which type of mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA?

  • Deletion
  • Substitution
  • Insertion (correct)
  • Translocation

What is the least dangerous type of DNA mutation according to the text?

<p>Substitution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA?

<p>Deletion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation occurs when a segment of a chromosome is copied and placed into another chromosome?

<p>Duplication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common characteristics of individuals with Klinefelter's Syndrome?

<p>Tall stature and shy personality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by a 'caved-in' appearance as described in the text?

<p>Turner's Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trisomy results in the presence of female sexual characteristics but with underdevelopment?

<p>Turner's Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic hand appearance is associated with Edwards Syndrome?

<p>Clenched hands and overlapping fingers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with Jacobsen Syndrome are most likely to experience which of the following language-related challenges?

<p>Poor or excessive language skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trisomy leads to mild to moderate mental retardation as one of its symptoms?

<p>Edwards Syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical consequences can occur if there is a loss or gain of chromosomal material?

<p>Moderate to severe mental retardation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder results from the deletion of part of chromosome 5's short arm?

<p>Cri du chat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Down’s syndrome most commonly?

<p>Trisomy of chromosome 21 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what stage of development can structural changes in chromosomes occur?

<p>Fetal development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the effects of structural changes in chromosomes?

<p>Size and location of the changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if pieces of DNA are rearranged within one chromosome or transferred between chromosomes?

<p>Genetic disorders may occur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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