Podcast
Questions and Answers
At which stage of tomato coloration is the fruit considered ripe?
At which stage of tomato coloration is the fruit considered ripe?
- Stage 6 (Red) (correct)
- Stage 5 (Light red)
- Stage 4 (Pink)
- Stage 1 (Mature green)
Which type of bell pepper is NOT recommended for hydroponic growth?
Which type of bell pepper is NOT recommended for hydroponic growth?
- Red bell peppers
- Green bell peppers (correct)
- Yellow bell peppers
- Orange bell peppers
What is the recommended temperature range for germinating pepper seeds?
What is the recommended temperature range for germinating pepper seeds?
- 70 to 73 ºF
- 73 to 75 ºF
- 77 to 79 ºF (correct)
- 80 to 82 ºF
What effect does topping have on the plants when performed at the end of the crop life?
What effect does topping have on the plants when performed at the end of the crop life?
What environmental condition can lead to flower abortion in peppers?
What environmental condition can lead to flower abortion in peppers?
Which production system is commonly used for growing vine crops like peppers?
Which production system is commonly used for growing vine crops like peppers?
Which mineral nutrient level is most critical during the early growth stage of pepper plants?
Which mineral nutrient level is most critical during the early growth stage of pepper plants?
Which factor can improve the percentage of flowers that set fruit in pepper plants?
Which factor can improve the percentage of flowers that set fruit in pepper plants?
What is a primary purpose of pruning and training pepper plants?
What is a primary purpose of pruning and training pepper plants?
What is the optimal temperature range for germinating tomato seeds?
What is the optimal temperature range for germinating tomato seeds?
At what percentage of color should peppers be harvested for optimal quality?
At what percentage of color should peppers be harvested for optimal quality?
Which of the following factors can delay flowering in tomatoes?
Which of the following factors can delay flowering in tomatoes?
Which cooling method should not be used for postharvest peppers?
Which cooling method should not be used for postharvest peppers?
What characteristic is important to consider for European/Dutch cucumber cultivars?
What characteristic is important to consider for European/Dutch cucumber cultivars?
What is the recommended electrical conductivity (EC) for nutrient solutions during the first 10 days after seed germination?
What is the recommended electrical conductivity (EC) for nutrient solutions during the first 10 days after seed germination?
Which hormone is released by seeds to promote fruit growth in tomatoes?
Which hormone is released by seeds to promote fruit growth in tomatoes?
What is the optimal temperature range for cucumber germination?
What is the optimal temperature range for cucumber germination?
How should cucumbers be harvested to maintain quality?
How should cucumbers be harvested to maintain quality?
What is the primary mineral that should be adjusted for proper tomato growth as they transition from vegetative to flowering stages?
What is the primary mineral that should be adjusted for proper tomato growth as they transition from vegetative to flowering stages?
How does excessive electrical conductivity (EC) affect tomato plants?
How does excessive electrical conductivity (EC) affect tomato plants?
What type of light is helpful in increasing fruit growth for cucumbers?
What type of light is helpful in increasing fruit growth for cucumbers?
What leaf removal strategy is suggested for managing tomato crops?
What leaf removal strategy is suggested for managing tomato crops?
Which of the following fruit sizes falls under the medium grade for harvested peppers?
Which of the following fruit sizes falls under the medium grade for harvested peppers?
What is a common consequence of high air temperatures for cucumbers during the day?
What is a common consequence of high air temperatures for cucumbers during the day?
During which growth stage is it critical to monitor and manage calcium levels due to its demand in rapidly expanding cells?
During which growth stage is it critical to monitor and manage calcium levels due to its demand in rapidly expanding cells?
What factor does NOT need to be considered when propagating seeds?
What factor does NOT need to be considered when propagating seeds?
What should be the CO2 enrichment level in the greenhouse for optimal tomato growth?
What should be the CO2 enrichment level in the greenhouse for optimal tomato growth?
What does the term 'gynecious' refer to in cucumber cultivars?
What does the term 'gynecious' refer to in cucumber cultivars?
Which cultivar of sweet basil has the highest fresh weight according to the data provided?
Which cultivar of sweet basil has the highest fresh weight according to the data provided?
Which herb cultivation method is NOT primarily associated with annual herbs?
Which herb cultivation method is NOT primarily associated with annual herbs?
Which environmental condition is NOT recommended for promoting vegetative growth in tomato cultivation?
Which environmental condition is NOT recommended for promoting vegetative growth in tomato cultivation?
Which practice helps with the management of cucumber plant canopy?
Which practice helps with the management of cucumber plant canopy?
What is the effect of high temperatures on tomato plants regarding flowering?
What is the effect of high temperatures on tomato plants regarding flowering?
What common characteristic is shared by both nutrient film technique (NFT) and raft culture/deep flow (DFT) in hydroponic systems?
What common characteristic is shared by both nutrient film technique (NFT) and raft culture/deep flow (DFT) in hydroponic systems?
What is the expected weight of harvested cucumbers per plant weekly during the harvest period?
What is the expected weight of harvested cucumbers per plant weekly during the harvest period?
What should be avoided when managing temperature for cucumbers at night?
What should be avoided when managing temperature for cucumbers at night?
Which of the following pests can affect tomato plants?
Which of the following pests can affect tomato plants?
Which of the following basil cultivars has the least number of branches according to the data?
Which of the following basil cultivars has the least number of branches according to the data?
Which statement regarding cultivar selection in herb production is correct?
Which statement regarding cultivar selection in herb production is correct?
What is the target minimum air temperature for tomato growth at night?
What is the target minimum air temperature for tomato growth at night?
Which nutrient is critical to manage to avoid blossom end rot in tomatoes?
Which nutrient is critical to manage to avoid blossom end rot in tomatoes?
What is the estimated time frame for seedlings to be ready when propagated from seed?
What is the estimated time frame for seedlings to be ready when propagated from seed?
When propagating stem-tip cuttings, which factor is NOT critical for successful rooting?
When propagating stem-tip cuttings, which factor is NOT critical for successful rooting?
Which of the following is NOT a method suitable for hydroponic systems in herb production?
Which of the following is NOT a method suitable for hydroponic systems in herb production?
What is the primary propagation method for annual herbs?
What is the primary propagation method for annual herbs?
What is the main disease issue for cucumbers in greenhouse production?
What is the main disease issue for cucumbers in greenhouse production?
Which factor can cause yellowing in fruits?
Which factor can cause yellowing in fruits?
At what temperature should chilling injury not occur to prevent damage to fruits?
At what temperature should chilling injury not occur to prevent damage to fruits?
Which lettuce type has the highest water needs in field production?
Which lettuce type has the highest water needs in field production?
What is the common average daily temperature range for growing lettuce?
What is the common average daily temperature range for growing lettuce?
Which substrate is most commonly used for lettuce propagation?
Which substrate is most commonly used for lettuce propagation?
Which factor contributes to postharvest loss in lettuce?
Which factor contributes to postharvest loss in lettuce?
Which herb is categorized as an annual?
Which herb is categorized as an annual?
Which lettuce type is most susceptible to bruising?
Which lettuce type is most susceptible to bruising?
Which nutrient concentration is considered optimal for potassium in lettuce?
Which nutrient concentration is considered optimal for potassium in lettuce?
What symptom is most prevalent in lettuce production due to physiological disorders?
What symptom is most prevalent in lettuce production due to physiological disorders?
What is an appropriate light intensity for growing lettuce?
What is an appropriate light intensity for growing lettuce?
What technique is commonly used in lettuce production systems?
What technique is commonly used in lettuce production systems?
What is the recommended substrate mix for cultivating strawberries?
What is the recommended substrate mix for cultivating strawberries?
What is the ideal pH level for strawberry cultivation?
What is the ideal pH level for strawberry cultivation?
Which of the following represents a critical nutrient ratio for potassium when growing strawberries?
Which of the following represents a critical nutrient ratio for potassium when growing strawberries?
What is a common issue that strawberries face during growth in terms of irrigation?
What is a common issue that strawberries face during growth in terms of irrigation?
Which pathogenic concern is significant for the root zone of strawberries?
Which pathogenic concern is significant for the root zone of strawberries?
What growth habit is not associated with strawberry flowering?
What growth habit is not associated with strawberry flowering?
What is the recommended pH range for moderate herb crops?
What is the recommended pH range for moderate herb crops?
Which factor primarily influences the rate of herb plant development?
Which factor primarily influences the rate of herb plant development?
What is a key benefit of using a casing layer in mushroom cultivation?
What is a key benefit of using a casing layer in mushroom cultivation?
What is the effect of supplemental lighting on hydroponic herbs?
What is the effect of supplemental lighting on hydroponic herbs?
What is the primary component of the substrate used for mushroom production?
What is the primary component of the substrate used for mushroom production?
Which method of spawning involves incorporating spawn into the compost?
Which method of spawning involves incorporating spawn into the compost?
At which temperature range is basil considered a cool-growing herb?
At which temperature range is basil considered a cool-growing herb?
What happens to basil's yield when stored below 50 °F?
What happens to basil's yield when stored below 50 °F?
What is a major consideration during the harvesting of strawberries?
What is a major consideration during the harvesting of strawberries?
Which herb should have a nutrient solution EC around 1.0 μS∙cm−1 during its growth stage?
Which herb should have a nutrient solution EC around 1.0 μS∙cm−1 during its growth stage?
What is the relationship between light and herb yield in hydroponic systems?
What is the relationship between light and herb yield in hydroponic systems?
Which factor does NOT impact the electrical conductivity (EC) of nutrient solutions for herbs?
Which factor does NOT impact the electrical conductivity (EC) of nutrient solutions for herbs?
What is NOT a commonly used method for propagating strawberries?
What is NOT a commonly used method for propagating strawberries?
Which of the following herbs is classified as a warm-growing herb?
Which of the following herbs is classified as a warm-growing herb?
What type of plants are Frigo plants?
What type of plants are Frigo plants?
Which of the following conditions is NOT crucial for maximizing herb productivity?
Which of the following conditions is NOT crucial for maximizing herb productivity?
What is the ideal storage temperature for basil postharvest?
What is the ideal storage temperature for basil postharvest?
Which crop has the highest electrical conductivity requirement among the listed herbs?
Which crop has the highest electrical conductivity requirement among the listed herbs?
What is the recommended pH range for Nitrobacter to thrive in a biofilter?
What is the recommended pH range for Nitrobacter to thrive in a biofilter?
How long does it typically take for biofilter bacteria to establish?
How long does it typically take for biofilter bacteria to establish?
Which of the following is NOT a type of biological filtration equipment mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of biological filtration equipment mentioned?
What should the dissolved oxygen (DO) level be maintained at for optimum health?
What should the dissolved oxygen (DO) level be maintained at for optimum health?
Which mineral is specifically mentioned as needing to be added to the system for plants?
Which mineral is specifically mentioned as needing to be added to the system for plants?
What is the best approach for pest control in aquaponics as mentioned?
What is the best approach for pest control in aquaponics as mentioned?
What is a primary concern regarding food safety in recirculating aquaponics systems?
What is a primary concern regarding food safety in recirculating aquaponics systems?
What is a key characteristic of recirculating aquaponics systems mentioned?
What is a key characteristic of recirculating aquaponics systems mentioned?
What is the primary reason for cutting the ends of mushrooms after picking?
What is the primary reason for cutting the ends of mushrooms after picking?
Which of the following describes the propagation method of cannabis that is most popular?
Which of the following describes the propagation method of cannabis that is most popular?
What characteristic of cannabis plants necessitates careful management of their photoperiod?
What characteristic of cannabis plants necessitates careful management of their photoperiod?
Which factor is critical for maximizing cannabis yields in a controlled environment?
Which factor is critical for maximizing cannabis yields in a controlled environment?
What is a disadvantage of using indoor facilities for cannabis production?
What is a disadvantage of using indoor facilities for cannabis production?
What is the purpose of using rooting hormone during cutting propagation of cannabis?
What is the purpose of using rooting hormone during cutting propagation of cannabis?
What defines a short-day plant in relation to cannabis cultivation?
What defines a short-day plant in relation to cannabis cultivation?
What is a recommended action to increase the number of flowers on a cannabis plant?
What is a recommended action to increase the number of flowers on a cannabis plant?
The fertilizer solution strength changes throughout the cannabis production cycle. What pattern does this follow?
The fertilizer solution strength changes throughout the cannabis production cycle. What pattern does this follow?
What is critical to prevent contamination of mushroom crops in a production facility?
What is critical to prevent contamination of mushroom crops in a production facility?
Which environmental factor significantly affects flower yield in cannabis production?
Which environmental factor significantly affects flower yield in cannabis production?
What characteristic is critical for creating short days for cannabis cultivation?
What characteristic is critical for creating short days for cannabis cultivation?
What aspect should be managed to ensure suitable marijuana growing conditions?
What aspect should be managed to ensure suitable marijuana growing conditions?
What is the optimal temperature range for Blue Tilapia?
What is the optimal temperature range for Blue Tilapia?
Which of the following is a primary fish grown in aquaponic systems known for its fast growth and availability?
Which of the following is a primary fish grown in aquaponic systems known for its fast growth and availability?
What commonly grown leafy green is often found in aquaponic systems?
What commonly grown leafy green is often found in aquaponic systems?
What is the purpose of biofiltration in aquaponic systems?
What is the purpose of biofiltration in aquaponic systems?
What is the maximum temperature Bluegill can tolerate?
What is the maximum temperature Bluegill can tolerate?
Which feed requirement percentage is optimal for Blue Tilapia?
Which feed requirement percentage is optimal for Blue Tilapia?
What can result from insufficient removal of solids in an aquaponic system?
What can result from insufficient removal of solids in an aquaponic system?
Which of the following fish is sensitive to pH changes and requires high dissolved oxygen levels?
Which of the following fish is sensitive to pH changes and requires high dissolved oxygen levels?
What is the optimal pH range for Koi?
What is the optimal pH range for Koi?
Which species of fish can reach market size in approximately 12-16 months?
Which species of fish can reach market size in approximately 12-16 months?
What temperature range is optimal for Barramundi?
What temperature range is optimal for Barramundi?
What is a main function of the integrated plant pest management with fish in aquaponic systems?
What is a main function of the integrated plant pest management with fish in aquaponic systems?
Which of the following types of sturgeon can grow up to 12 feet long?
Which of the following types of sturgeon can grow up to 12 feet long?
What percentage of feed given to fish is typically excreted as solid waste?
What percentage of feed given to fish is typically excreted as solid waste?
Which tomato variety typically produces the smallest fruits?
Which tomato variety typically produces the smallest fruits?
Which hydroponic system is least commonly used for commercial tomato production?
Which hydroponic system is least commonly used for commercial tomato production?
Which phase of tomato production occurs after fruit set?
Which phase of tomato production occurs after fruit set?
Which country ranks fourth in terms of total tomato production?
Which country ranks fourth in terms of total tomato production?
What is the Brix percentage range for beefsteak tomatoes suggesting their sugar content?
What is the Brix percentage range for beefsteak tomatoes suggesting their sugar content?
What nutrient solution ppm levels are recommended for K during the 2nd stage of tomato nutrition?
What nutrient solution ppm levels are recommended for K during the 2nd stage of tomato nutrition?
Which environmental condition is least likely to promote vegetative growth in tomatoes?
Which environmental condition is least likely to promote vegetative growth in tomatoes?
Which of the following practices does NOT contribute to managing tomato crops effectively?
Which of the following practices does NOT contribute to managing tomato crops effectively?
During fruit development, which natural plant hormone released by seeds is pivotal for promoting fruit growth?
During fruit development, which natural plant hormone released by seeds is pivotal for promoting fruit growth?
What pH range is recommended for managing electrical conductivity (EC) in nutrient solutions during tomato production?
What pH range is recommended for managing electrical conductivity (EC) in nutrient solutions during tomato production?
What is the primary reason for topping a plant at the end of its crop life?
What is the primary reason for topping a plant at the end of its crop life?
Which of the following stages in tomato coloration indicates that the fruit will not ripen?
Which of the following stages in tomato coloration indicates that the fruit will not ripen?
What factor is primarily responsible for the physiological disorder known as blossom end rot?
What factor is primarily responsible for the physiological disorder known as blossom end rot?
What is the recommended electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution during the full production phase for pepper plants?
What is the recommended electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution during the full production phase for pepper plants?
Which type of bell pepper accounts for the majority of hydroponically grown varieties?
Which type of bell pepper accounts for the majority of hydroponically grown varieties?
What is the primary impact of light quantity on hydroponic herb production?
What is the primary impact of light quantity on hydroponic herb production?
Which pH range is necessary for growing basil effectively?
Which pH range is necessary for growing basil effectively?
What contributes to the electrical conductivity (EC) needed during different growth stages of herbs?
What contributes to the electrical conductivity (EC) needed during different growth stages of herbs?
What should be avoided when handling basil postharvest?
What should be avoided when handling basil postharvest?
Which characteristic is most crucial for herb yield maximization in hydroponic systems?
Which characteristic is most crucial for herb yield maximization in hydroponic systems?
What is the primary reason for thinning the fruit load on pepper plants?
What is the primary reason for thinning the fruit load on pepper plants?
What is the expected yield per plant during the cucumber harvest period?
What is the expected yield per plant during the cucumber harvest period?
Which condition decreases the number of flowers produced in cucumber plants?
Which condition decreases the number of flowers produced in cucumber plants?
Which cucumber cultivation method is categorized by the production of only female flowers?
Which cucumber cultivation method is categorized by the production of only female flowers?
What is a common consequence of failing to manage environmental temperature for cucumber production?
What is a common consequence of failing to manage environmental temperature for cucumber production?
Which cultivar of sweet basil is recommended for its high fresh weight?
Which cultivar of sweet basil is recommended for its high fresh weight?
What is the typical time frame for seedling readiness when propagating herbs by seed?
What is the typical time frame for seedling readiness when propagating herbs by seed?
Which factors are essential to consider when propagating stem-tip cuttings of herbs?
Which factors are essential to consider when propagating stem-tip cuttings of herbs?
Which hydroponic production system is NOT mentioned as suitable for herb culture?
Which hydroponic production system is NOT mentioned as suitable for herb culture?
Which cultivar has the lowest fresh weight according to the provided cultivars?
Which cultivar has the lowest fresh weight according to the provided cultivars?
What is a primary advantage of conducting personal trials on varietal selection?
What is a primary advantage of conducting personal trials on varietal selection?
Which branching characteristic is associated with the cultivar 'Dwarf Bush'?
Which branching characteristic is associated with the cultivar 'Dwarf Bush'?
Which factor does not influence seed germination for herb propagation?
Which factor does not influence seed germination for herb propagation?
What significant increase in weight is noted for green sweet basil cultivars?
What significant increase in weight is noted for green sweet basil cultivars?
What is the implication of herb cultivars having varied parameters, such as fresh weight and height?
What is the implication of herb cultivars having varied parameters, such as fresh weight and height?
What is the primary cause of tip burn in lettuce production?
What is the primary cause of tip burn in lettuce production?
Which substrate is most commonly used in hydroponic lettuce propagation?
Which substrate is most commonly used in hydroponic lettuce propagation?
What specific light level is optimal for growing lettuce?
What specific light level is optimal for growing lettuce?
What is the primary focus of managing postharvest in lettuce production?
What is the primary focus of managing postharvest in lettuce production?
In which scenario should shading be provided for lettuce growth?
In which scenario should shading be provided for lettuce growth?
What is the impact of electrical conductivity (EC) levels higher than 2.0 mS·cm–1 on arugula and pac choi?
What is the impact of electrical conductivity (EC) levels higher than 2.0 mS·cm–1 on arugula and pac choi?
What role does temperature play in the cultivation of lettuce compared to other greenhouse crops?
What role does temperature play in the cultivation of lettuce compared to other greenhouse crops?
Flashcards
Tomato Production - Major Countries
Tomato Production - Major Countries
China, the European Union, the US, Turkey, and Egypt are major producers of tomatoes, accounting for a significant portion of global tomato production.
Greenhouse Tomato Production - Key Countries
Greenhouse Tomato Production - Key Countries
Spain, Turkey, France, the Netherlands, and Italy are key players in greenhouse tomato production, with varying production levels.
Tomato Types - Beefsteak
Tomato Types - Beefsteak
Large tomato variety, typically over 180 grams, with Brix levels of 3.5-4.5%.
Tomato Types - Tomatoes-on-Vine (TOV)
Tomato Types - Tomatoes-on-Vine (TOV)
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Tomato Types - Cherry/Cocktail
Tomato Types - Cherry/Cocktail
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Tomato Types - Grape
Tomato Types - Grape
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Hydroponic Tomato Systems
Hydroponic Tomato Systems
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Tomato Production Stages
Tomato Production Stages
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Tomato Harvest Stages
Tomato Harvest Stages
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Flower Abortion in Peppers
Flower Abortion in Peppers
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Blossom-end Rot
Blossom-end Rot
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Topping
Topping
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Leaf Removal
Leaf Removal
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Hydroponic Tomatoes
Hydroponic Tomatoes
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Optimal Pepper Seed Temp.
Optimal Pepper Seed Temp.
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Pepper Color Priorities
Pepper Color Priorities
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Pepper Propagation
Pepper Propagation
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Pepper Production Systems
Pepper Production Systems
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Tomato Propagation Method
Tomato Propagation Method
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Seed Germination Time
Seed Germination Time
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Seedling Light Requirements
Seedling Light Requirements
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Seedling Nutrient Levels
Seedling Nutrient Levels
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Vegetative Growth Factors
Vegetative Growth Factors
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Flower Induction
Flower Induction
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Pollination Importance
Pollination Importance
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Fruit Set Factors
Fruit Set Factors
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Nutrient Solution Changes
Nutrient Solution Changes
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Nutrient Levels (Stage 1)
Nutrient Levels (Stage 1)
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Potassium's Role
Potassium's Role
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Calcium's Role
Calcium's Role
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Greenhouse CO2 Enrichment
Greenhouse CO2 Enrichment
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Optimal Day/Night Temperature
Optimal Day/Night Temperature
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Factors Favoring Vegetative Growth
Factors Favoring Vegetative Growth
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Pepper Plant Training
Pepper Plant Training
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Pepper Fruit Harvesting
Pepper Fruit Harvesting
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Pepper Fruit Grading
Pepper Fruit Grading
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Hydro Cooling Peppers
Hydro Cooling Peppers
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Optimal Pepper Storage
Optimal Pepper Storage
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Cucumber Origins
Cucumber Origins
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Controlled Cucumber Production
Controlled Cucumber Production
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Modern Greenhouse Cucumbers
Modern Greenhouse Cucumbers
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Cucumber Production Systems
Cucumber Production Systems
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Cucumber Propagation
Cucumber Propagation
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Cucumber Harvesting
Cucumber Harvesting
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Cucumber Temperature
Cucumber Temperature
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Cucumber Light Requirements
Cucumber Light Requirements
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Cucumber Mineral Nutrition
Cucumber Mineral Nutrition
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Supplemental CO2 for Cucumbers
Supplemental CO2 for Cucumbers
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Ethylene sensitivity in fruits
Ethylene sensitivity in fruits
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Chilling injury
Chilling injury
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Cucumber greenhouse crop
Cucumber greenhouse crop
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Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew
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Lettuce propagation
Lettuce propagation
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Lettuce substrates
Lettuce substrates
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Lettuce production systems
Lettuce production systems
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Lettuce water use
Lettuce water use
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Optimal lettuce light
Optimal lettuce light
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Lettuce Ideal Temperature
Lettuce Ideal Temperature
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Lettuce harvest
Lettuce harvest
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Postharvest loss causes
Postharvest loss causes
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Tip burn
Tip burn
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Aphids
Aphids
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Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew
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Cultivar Selection: Why is it important?
Cultivar Selection: Why is it important?
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What are the factors considered when selecting a basil cultivar?
What are the factors considered when selecting a basil cultivar?
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Seed Propagation
Seed Propagation
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Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative Propagation
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What are some factors influencing vegetative propagation success?
What are some factors influencing vegetative propagation success?
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NFT (Nutrient Film Technique)
NFT (Nutrient Film Technique)
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Raft Culture/DFT (Deep Flow Technique)
Raft Culture/DFT (Deep Flow Technique)
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Operational Factors for Choosing Hydroponic Systems
Operational Factors for Choosing Hydroponic Systems
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Multi-seeding for Slow-growing Herbs
Multi-seeding for Slow-growing Herbs
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Why is spacing important in herb production?
Why is spacing important in herb production?
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Seed Density Impact
Seed Density Impact
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Low DLI Yield
Low DLI Yield
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High DLI Yield
High DLI Yield
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pH Requirements
pH Requirements
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Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
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Temperature's Role
Temperature's Role
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Light & Yield
Light & Yield
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Supplemental Lighting
Supplemental Lighting
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Postharvest Handling
Postharvest Handling
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Strawberry Production - US
Strawberry Production - US
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European Protected Strawberry Culture
European Protected Strawberry Culture
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Strawberry Production in the US
Strawberry Production in the US
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Strawberry Propagation Methods
Strawberry Propagation Methods
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Rooted Runner Plugs
Rooted Runner Plugs
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What is the ideal DO level for fish, plants, and bacteria in an aquaponic system?
What is the ideal DO level for fish, plants, and bacteria in an aquaponic system?
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What are the two approaches to adding oxygen to an aquaponic system?
What are the two approaches to adding oxygen to an aquaponic system?
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What are the three essential nutrients that need to be supplemented in an aquaponic system?
What are the three essential nutrients that need to be supplemented in an aquaponic system?
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Why should pesticides be avoided in aquaponics?
Why should pesticides be avoided in aquaponics?
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What is the primary concern regarding food safety in recirculating aquaponics?
What is the primary concern regarding food safety in recirculating aquaponics?
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What are the three main types of organisms involved in aquaponics?
What are the three main types of organisms involved in aquaponics?
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Why doesn't aquaponics exist as a completely 'closed loop' system?
Why doesn't aquaponics exist as a completely 'closed loop' system?
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What is the challenge with recirculating aquaponics?
What is the challenge with recirculating aquaponics?
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Mushroom Harvesting
Mushroom Harvesting
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Mushroom Sanitation
Mushroom Sanitation
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Mushroom Propagation
Mushroom Propagation
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Cannabis Production Environments
Cannabis Production Environments
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Greenhouse Production Advantages
Greenhouse Production Advantages
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Indoor Production Advantages
Indoor Production Advantages
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Cannabis Life Cycle
Cannabis Life Cycle
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Cannabis Propagation Methods
Cannabis Propagation Methods
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Cannabis Sex Determination
Cannabis Sex Determination
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Cannabis Cutting Propagation
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Cannabis Seed Propagation
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Aquaponic Systems
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Raft (DWC)
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Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
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Media Based Aquaponics
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Tilapia
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Aquaponic System Design - Waste Removal
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Biofiltration
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Aquaponic System Design - Feed Ration
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Strawberry Propagation
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Strawberry Substrate
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Strawberry Nutrient Needs
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Mushroom Spawn
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Mushroom Casing
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Tomato Production - Outdoor vs. Greenhouse
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Types of Tomatoes - Categories
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Hydroponic Systems for Tomatoes
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Tomato Seed Germination
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Tomato Vegetative Growth Factors
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Why Adjust Nutrient Solutions During Tomato Growth?
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What is the Importance of Calcium for Tomato Fruits?
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Ideal Day & Night Temperatures for Tomatoes
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Why remove leaves?
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Topping - What is it?
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What are the effects of high temperatures on pepper flowers?
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What are the two main pepper production systems?
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Why is pollination important for pepper production?
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Pepper Training
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Pepper Storage Conditions
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EC (Electrical Conductivity)
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Optimal pH for Herbs
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Electrical Conductivity (EC) in Herbs
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Temperature and Herb Growth
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Light and Herb Yield
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Study Notes
Tomato Production
- Tomatoes are a widely grown horticultural crop, used for fresh consumption and processing (e.g., canning, juicing).
- The majority of tomato production occurs outdoors.
- China produces the most tomatoes globally (35 million tons/yr, 25% of world production).
- Other major tomato-producing countries include the European Union, United States, Turkey, Egypt, and India.
Greenhouse Tomato Production
- Greenhouses were initially used for out-of-season tomato production.
- Improvements in greenhouse technology (hydroponics) led to year-round production and higher-quality tomatoes compared to field-grown ones.
- Spain has the largest area dedicated to greenhouse tomatoes (8,000 hectares).
- Other major greenhouse tomato producers include Turkey, France, Netherlands, Italy, and the US.
Tomato Types
- Various commercial greenhouse tomato varieties exist, categorized by fruit size.
- Beefsteak: Large fruit ( >180g), 3.5-4.5 Brix, high yield (100%).
- TOV (Tomatoes-on-vine): Medium fruit (~100-200g), 4-5 Brix, moderate yield (80-90% of beefsteak yield).
- Cherry/Cocktail: Small fruit (15-80g), high Brix (5-7%), lower yield (40-60% of beefsteak).
- Grape: Very small fruit (8-15g), highest Brix (7-8%), lowest yield (25-50% of beefsteak).
Hydroponic Tomato Systems
- Tomatoes are mainly grown in slab/bag or Dutch/BATO bucket hydroponic systems.
- NFT and raft systems are used less frequently in commercial settings.
Tomato Production Stages
- Tomato production involves propagation, vegetative growth, flowering, pollination, and fruit set/growth.
- Stages after fruit set occur largely in parallel.
Tomato Propagation & Seedling Growth
- Tomatoes are propagated from seed (4-6 days to germinate at 72-75°F).
- Grafted tomatoes require seed propagation of rootstock and scion prior to grafting.
- Seedlings require good photosynthetic light (supplemental light useful in winter).
- Nutrients (0.8-1.2 mS∙cm−1 initial 10 days, increasing to 2.0-2.2 mS∙cm−1 before planting) are essential.
Vegetative Growth
- Environment (light, temperature, CO2) and culture (mineral nutrition, irrigation) variables influence vegetative growth.
- Vegetative growth (pruning: sucker removal, leaf removal, topping) is maintained throughout.
Flowering, Pollination & Fruit Set
- Flowers develop after formation of several true leaves.
- High fertilizer/temperature/low light delay flowering.
- Pollination occurs after flower opening (hormones, bees, hand-pollination can provide needed assistance).
- Fruit development begins after successful pollination and fertilization of ovules.
- Fruit growth is stimulated by seed hormones.
- Maintaining appropriate fruit load is required (large fruit=4-6 fruits, smaller=5-8 fruits).
Tomato Crop Nutrition
- Tomato nutritional requirements change throughout the production cycle.
- Altering the nutrient solution can optimize different growth stages.
Nutrient Management for Different Tomato Stages
- Different nutrient solutions are needed at different phases of growth (e.g., seeding, transplanting).
Potassium and Nitrogen Importance
- Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are critical for growth and development.
- Potassium uptake is especially high in fruit development.
Calcium's Role
- Calcium is crucial for fruit development, as fruit cells require high calcium for expansion.
CO2 Enrichment, Temperature & Light
- CO2 enrichment up to 1000ppm is commonly used, but the system must be ventilated to prevent waste.
- Target day/night air temperatures are 75°F/65°F.
- Managing adequate light (12+ mol∙m−2∙d−1) using supplemental lighting is essential.
Humidity/VPD
- Management of humidity (55-90%, dependent on temperature) and VPD (0.3-1.3 kPa) is key for avoiding diseases and optimal nutrient uptake.
Crop Steering for Tomatoes
- Crop steering (to promote vegetative or generative growth) is used for targeted fruit yield optimization.
- Factors that influence growth: genetics (cultivars), age, moisture/irrigation, humidity, temperature, light.
Tomato Pest and Disease Management
- Common pests/diseases include whitefly, thrips, aphids, spider mites, botrytis, Erwinia, Pythium, powdery mildew, bacterial wilt, and bacterial spotting.
- Proper management strategies are required.
Tomato Harvesting
- Seven stages classify tomato ripeness (immature, mature green, breaker, turning, pink, light red, red).
- Harvests occur at the appropriate color stage.
Pepper Production (Hydroponics)
Cucumber Production (Hydroponics)
Lettuce and Greens Production (Hydroponics)
Herb Production (Hydroponics)
Strawberry Cultivation (Greenhouse)
Mushroom Production (Hydroponics)
Aquaponic Plant Production (Hydroponics)
Fish Cultivations (for Aquaponics)
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of tomato production, both in fields and greenhouses. Discover key facts about major producing countries, greenhouse advantages, and various tomato types. This quiz will test your knowledge on their production methods and characteristics.
